Teachers' Views of The Impact of Instruction in the Inclusion Model Dissertation - 1

Teachers' Views of The Impact of Instruction in the Inclusion Model for students with Learning Disabilities - Dissertation Example It was only in the 1960s that a group of researchers conducted various, extensive studies into the subject of LDs and brought the view that children with LDs could not be termed as handicapped (mentally or physically); but they merely formed a deviation in the learning processes of an individual. With this concept came the theory of inclusive studies, where the children with LDs were put into general classrooms, albeit with some restrictions. Now in the twenty-first century, various experts have come forward with the view of total inclusion, where there would exist no differences between the students (with or without LDs). However, many educators have expressed serious reservations about this process of full inclusion, and they feel that special needs children should be segregated and taught only under the supervision of a special educator. My article will take an in-depth look at the term learning disabilities, while exploring the various perspectives as noticed within the general e ducators, in regards to students with LDs and the full-inclusive educational process. The research has been conducted with the express aim of developing a better understanding of the general educators' perception of children with LD in an inclusive environment, their perception of efficacy in relation to their training, and their perception of the support that they receive in educating these students. Teachers’ Views on The Impact of Instruction within  The Inclusion Model for Students with Learning Disabilities by PhilipThompson Ed.D,Walden University, 2011 Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Philip Thompson Walden University August 2011 Acknowledgments This is an optional page for acknowledgments. It is a nice place to thank the faculty, family members, and friends who have helped you reach this point in your academic career. No page number appears on any of the pages up to this point. If you do not wish to i nclude this page, delete the heading and the body text; if a blank page remains, delete the page break above but leave the section break that you see below this text. Table of Contents List of Tables ii List of Figures iii Section 1: Introduction to the Study 4 Introduction 4 Backgroun 5 17 Use this table of contents (TOC) as an example of what one looks like. When it comes time for creating your own TOC, RIGHT CLICK anywhere in the Table of Contents, select UPDATE FIELD, then select UPDATE ENTIRE TABLE or UPDATE PAGE NUMBERS ONLY, and click OK. The table of contents will be generated using the style tags from the template; you will also be able to automatically update the TOC, both added headings and page numbers. List of Tables When you update the list of tables, the table number and title will come in without a period between them; you will need to manually add that period after all table numbers, as shown for Table 1. In addition, the title will retain the italics from the narra tive when the List of Tables is updated. Once your list is finalized, select the entire list and change it all plain type. List of Figures Figure 1. Figure caption goes here xx The List of Figures is not set up to automatically update. If you have figures in your document, type them in manually here, following the example above. Section 1: Introduction to the Study Introduction The concept of inclusive teaching practices for students with learning disabilities (LDs) is relatively new in the education,

Systems analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Systems analysis - Essay Example How are they ever going to reach out to far-sought village areas in third world countries while innovating itself the way no other company has ever exceeded them? If such is the case, then Google has to expound the global reach of the internet not only literally but as well as figuratively. Reaching novel systems analysis and design also requires the need for first world countries to reach out to third world entities who are unable to out-race their first world counterparts. Information technology has not only been confounded to software and hardware problems, requirements, design, and analysis. With the fast rise of developed nations, companies like Google are also socially responsible for reaching out to rural communities and bring them outside their shells, gradually introduce them to global technology, and make them an active integral part of information technology. In today’s systems analysis and design, there is a need to emphasize social responsibility in order to accom plish one’s mission, vision, and goals. And what makes Google ahead of everyone else is that they were able to realize the need to devote their time, effort, energy, and resources to rural communities in India to be able to send the message that Google is here to help.

History of Cricket Essay Example for Free

History of Cricket Essay Origin No one knows when or where cricket began but there is a body of evidence, much of it circumstantial, that strongly suggests the game was devised during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald. It is generally believed that cricket survived as a childrens game. Adult participation is unknown before the early 17th century. Possibly cricket was derived from bowls Derivation of the name of cricket A number of words are thought to be possible sources for the term cricket. In the earliest known reference to the sport in 1598 (see below), it is called creckett. The name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch krick(-e), meaning a stick; or the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff.[2] Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word krickstoel, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket. Early 17th century Gambling and press coverage Cricket certainly thrived after the Restoration in 1660 and is believed to have first attracted gamblers making large bets at this time. In 1664, the Cavalier Parliament passed the Gaming Act 1664 which limited stakes to  £100.With freedom of the press having been granted in 1696, cricket for the first time could be reported in the newspapers. During the first half of the 18th century, press reports tended to focus on the betting rather than on the play 18th-century cricket Patronage and players Gambling introduced the first patrons because some of the gamblers decided to strengthen their bets by forming their own teams and it is believed the first county teams were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660, especially as members of the nobility were employing local experts from village cricket as the earliest professionals.[5] Cricket moves out of England Cricket was introduced to North America via the English colonies in the 17th century,[4] probably before it had even reached the north of England. In the 18th century it arrived in other parts of the globe. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists[4] and to India by British East India Company mariners in the first half of the century. It arrived in Australia almost as soon as colonization began in 1788. New Zealand and South Africa followed in the early years of the 19th century.[5] Development of the Laws In 1744, the Laws of Cricket were codified for the first time and then amended in 1774, when innovations such as lbw, middle stump and maximum bat width were added. These laws stated that the principals shall choose from amongst the gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes. Cricket and crisis Cricket faced its first real crisis during the 18th century when major matches virtually ceased during the Seven Years War. This was largely due to shortage of players and lack of investment. But the game survived.Cricket faced another major crisis at the beginning of the 19th century when a cessation of major matches occurred during the culminating period of the Napoleonic Wars. Again, the causes were shortage of players and lack of investment. But, as in the 1760s, the game survived and a slow recovery began in 1815. In the 1820s, cricket faced a major crisis of its own making as the campaign to allow roundarm bowling gathered pace. 19th-century cricket International cricket begins The first ever international cricket game was between the USA and Canada in 1844. In 1859, a team of leading English professionals set off to North America on the first-ever overseas tourIn 1877, an England touring team in Australia played two matches against full Australian XIs that are now regarded as the inaugural Test matches. South Africa became the third Test nation in 1889 20th-century cricket When the Imperial Cricket Conference (as it was originally called) was founded in 1909, only England, Australia and South Africa were members. India, West Indies and New Zealand became Test nations before the Second World War and Pakistan soon afterwards in the closing years of the 20th century, three affiliate nations became Test nations also: Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe and Bangladesh. Limited-overs cricket In the 1960s, English county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one innings each and a maximum number of overs per innings. Starting in 1963 as a knockout competition only, limited overs grew in popularity and in 1969 a national league was created which consequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship. The first limited overs international match took place at Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971. It was tried simply as an experiment and to give the players some exercise, but turned out to be immensely popular. Limited overs internationals (LOIs or ODIs, after one-day Internationals) have since grown to become a massively popular form of the game The International Cricket Council reacted to this development by organising the first Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, with all the Test playing nations taking part. Increasing use of technology Innovative techniques that were originally introduced for coverage of LOI matches were soon adopted for Test coverage. The innovations included presentation of in-depth statistics and graphical analysis, placing miniature cameras in the stumps, multiple usage of cameras to provide shots from several locations around the ground, high speed photography and computer graphics technology enabling television viewers to study the course of a delivery and help them understand an umpires decision. In 1992, the use of a third umpire to adjudicate runout appeals with television replays was introduced in the Test series between South Africa and India. The third umpires duties have subsequently expanded to include decisions on other aspects of play such as stumpings, catches and boundaries 21st-century cricket Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants, spectators and media interest. The ICC has expanded its development programme with the goal of producing more national teams capable of competing at Test level. Development efforts are focused on African and Asian nations; and on the United States. In 2004, the ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12 nations, mostly for the first time. In June 2001, the ICC introduced a Test Championship Table and, in October 2002, a One-day International Championship Table. Australia has consistently topped both these tables in the 2000s. Crickets newest innovation is Twenty20, essentially an evening entertainment. It has so far enjoyed enormous popularity and has attracted large attendances at matches as well as good TV audience ratings. The inaugural ICC Twenty20 World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a follow-up event in 2009. The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India – the unofficial Indian Cricket League, which started in 2007, and the official Indian Premier League, starting in 2008 – raised much speculation in the cricketing press about their effect on the future of cricket.[15][16][17][18] LAWS OF CRICKET Law 1: A cricket team consists of eleven players, including a captain. Law 2: a substitute may be brought on for an injured fielder but he can’t bat , bowl , act as captain or keep wicket Law 3: There are two umpires, who apply the Laws, make all necessary decisions, and relay the decisions to the scorers. In higher level cricket there is a third umpire Law 4:. There are two scorers who respond to the umpires signals and keep the score. Law 5: A cricket ball is between 8 13/16 and 9 inches (22.4 cm and 22.9 cm) in circumference, and weighs between 5.5 and 5.75 ouncesOnly one ball is used at a time, unless it is lost, when it is replaced with a ball of similar wear. Law 6: The bat. The bat is no more than 38 inches (97 cm) in length, and no more than 4.25 inches (10.8 cm) wide. The hand or glove holding the bat is considered part of the bat. the blade of the bat must be made of wood Law 7: . The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground 22 yards (20 m) long and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide. Law 8: . The wicket consists of three wooden stumps that are 28 inches (71 cm) tall. The stumps are placed along the batting crease with equal distances between each stump. They are positioned so they are 9 inches (23 cm) wide. Two wooden bails are placed on top of the stumps. The bails must not project more than 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) above the stumps, and must, for mens cricket, be 45⠁„16 inches (10.95 cm) long.. Law 9: Each bowling crease should be 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) in length, centred on the middle stump at each end. The popping crease, which determines whether a batsman is in his ground or not, and which is used in determining front-foot no balls (see law 24), is drawn at each end of the pitch in front of each of the two sets of stumps. The popping crease must be 4 feet (1.2 m) in front of and parallel to the bowling crease The return creases lie perpendicular to the popping crease and the bowling crease, 4 feet 4 inches. Law 10: the rules governing how pitches should be prepared, mown, rolled, and maintained. Law 11: The pitch must be covered before play to protect it from due and rain. Law 12: Before the game, the teams agree whether it is to be over one or two innings, and whether either or both innings are to be limited by time or by overs. Law 13: In a two innings match, if the side batting second scores substantially fewer runs than the side batting first, the side that batted first can force their opponents to bat again immediately. Law 14: The batting captain can declare an innings closed at any time when the ball is dead. He may also forfeit his innings before it has started. Law 15: There are intervals between each days play, a ten-minute interval between innings, and lunch, tea and drinks intervals. There are also provisions for moving the intervals and interval lengths in certain situations. Law 16: Play after an interval commences with the umpires call of Play, and at the end of a session by Time. Law 17: There may be no batting or bowling practice on the pitch except before the days play starts and after the days play has ended. Law 18:. Runs are scored when the two batsmen run to each others end of the pitch. Law 19:. If the ball is hit into or past this boundary, four runs are scored, or six runs if the ball didnt hit the ground before crossing the boundary. Law 20: If a ball in play is lost or cannot be recovered, the fielding side can call lost ball. The batting side keeps any penalty runs. Law 21: The side which scores the most runs wins the match. Law 22:. An over consists of six balls bowled, excluding wides and no balls. A bowler may not bowl two consecutive overs. Law 23:. The ball comes into play when the bowler begins his run up, and becomes dead when all the action from that ball is over. Once the ball is dead, no runs can be scored and no batsmen can be dismissed. Law 24: if the bowler bowls from the wrong place; or if he straightens his elbow during the delivery; or if the bowling is dangerous; or if the ball bounces more than twice or rolls along the ground before reaching the batsman; or if the fielders are standing in illegal places, a ball can be called no ball.. Law 25:. An umpire calls a ball wide if, in his or her opinion, the batsman did not have a reasonable opportunity to score off the ball. A ball is called wide when the bowler bowls a bouncer that goes over the head of the batsman Law 26:. If a ball passes the striker and runs are scored, they are called byes. If a ball that is not a no ball hits the strike r but not the bat and runs are scored, they are called leg-byes. Law 27: If the fielders believe a batsman is out, they may ask the umpire Hows That?, commonly shouted emphatically with arms raised, before the next ball is bowled. The fielding side must appeal for all dismissals. Law 28: Several methods of being out occur when the wicket is put down. Law 29: The batsmen can be run out or stumped if they are out of their ground. Law 30: A batsman is out if his wicket is put down by a ball delivered by the bowler. Law 31: An incoming batsman must be ready to face a ball within 3 minutes of the outgoing batsman being dismissed, otherwise the incoming batsman will be out. Law 32: If a ball hits the bat or the and is then caught by the opposition within the field of play before the ball bounces, then the batsman is out. Law 33: If a batsman willfully handles the ball with a hand that is not touching the bat without the consent of the opposition, he is out. Law 34: If a batsman hits the ball twice, other than for the sole purpose of protecting his wicket or with the consent of the opposition, he is out. Law 35: If, after the bowler has entered his delivery stride and while the ball is in play, a Law 36: If the ball hits the batsman without first hitting the bat, but would have hit the wicket if the batsman was not there, and the ball does not pitch on the leg side of the wicket, the batsman will be out. Law 37: If a batsman willfully obstructs the opposition by word or action, he is out. Law 38: A batsman is out if at any time while the ball is in play no part of his bat or person is grounded behind the popping crease and his wicket is fairly put down by the opposing side. Law 39: A batsman is out when the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket, while the batsman is out of his crease and not attempting a run. Law 40: The keeper is a designated man from the bowling side allowed to stand behind the stumps of the batsman. He is the only player from his side allowed to wear gloves and external leg guards. Law 41: A fielder is any of the eleven cricketers from the bowling side.

Food Product Analysis: Dutch Lady Full Cream Milk

Food Product Analysis: Dutch Lady Full Cream Milk Wong Jun Yik Food Product Nutritional Label Topic 1(a): List of Major Minor Food Compound Ingredient list: Milks solids non-fat, Milk Fat, Calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin D3 plant origin stabilizer, Water Major Food component : Milk Solids non-fat (Protein: Casein Whey and Carbohydrates: Lactose) Milk Fat (Lipids), Water Minor Food component : Calcium (Mineral) Vitamin A, B2, D3 (Fat Water soluble vitamin) Food Additive: Plant origin permitted stabilizer Topic 1(b): Role of Food compound in Food The only food additive that are applied in the production of Dutch lady UHT full cream milk is a permitted stabilizer that are originated from plant sources. While the specific name of the stabilizer is not presented in the food label. The stabilizer could be derived from carrageenan that functions as an emulsifier in the milk product. Below describe the general functions of the plant originated stabilizer used in the production of UHT milk. Topic 2(a): Nutritional Health Claim In the content of nutritional and health claim for the Dutch Lady UHT Full cream milk, no nutritional and health claim in identifiable from the packaging of the UHT Milk. Topic 2(b): Enrichment Fortification According to the Dutch Lady Malaysia website, nutrient such as protein, Vitamin B2 and calcium are being enriched into the UHT Full cream milk during the milk production. The purpose for enrichment of the milk is to increase the nutritional value that aids in reproduction of body tissue that is essential to the growth and development. Besides, enrichment of calcium and vitamin B2 in milk would help to improve the bones development as well as to increase the facilitation of energy release. By definition, enrichment is process where food manufacturer replenish the nutrient that were lost during the processing. For the Dutch lady UHT milk, the factor that contributes to the enrichment of nutrient is highly influence by two unit of operation in the milk production: (1) Ultra high temperature preservation technique that destroy heat sensitive nutrient such as vitamin B2 and protein and (2) Recombination/ Reconstitution process that utilize milk solid and milk powder as main ingredient. Re combined milk is a type of milk emulsion produce through the combination of milk powder, milk solids, milk fat water (Walstra, Wouters and Geurts, 2006). Because the milk solid and milk powder is extracted from the raw milk by the milk product manufacturer, nutrient that are water soluble such as vitamin B and mineral are being separated from the milk solid leading to the needs of enrichment during the production of recombined milk. Besides, the enrichment of nutrient in milk is also needed to achieve the requirement set by the Food regulatory body such as Ministry of health and FDA. Topic 3(a): Factors influencing the deterioration of food Dutch Lady UHT full cream milk is a product which undergoes Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) preservation technique that are being package into an aseptic packaging that are made out of paperboard, polyethylene and aluminum foil that have the properties against pH, oxygen, light and microbial deterioration. With such, the factor that influences the deterioration of UHT Milk is mainly contributed by the physical stress toward the packaging that would cause a breakage in the packaging. In addition, the breakages caused by physical stress would increases the opportunity toward additional biological and physical deterioration factor such as changes in color and flavor causes by the exposure to light, oxidative rancidity through exposure to oxygen and contamination by food-poisoning microorganisms. Moreover, the utilization and the opening of UHT milk packaging by end-user also encourage the deterioration of the milk. Lastly, contaminated packaging and machinery in the product line could cont ribute to the food deterioration. Below describe the factor influencing the deterioration of Dutch lady UHT milk in the packaging as well post-usage deterioration. Physical factor Physical Stress: Unprofessional handling and improper storage condition are the major contribution to the deterioration of the aseptic packaging of the milk carton. With opening of the milk carton that is causes by the mechanical stress, it expose the milk toward deterioration such as oxidation and light inducted color changes that are cause the food undesirable to consume. Besides, the opening of the milk carton causes the infestation and attraction of rodent that is naturally vector that carries harmful microorganism. Oxygen: With the opening of the aseptic packaging causes by physical stress and the usage of UHT milk by end-user. Both expose the UHT milk toward oxygen which encourages the oxidative rancidity of milk lipids that leads to the formation of undesirable aroma. In addition, the expose of oxygen also provide a suitable condition for the microbial growth Light: The exposure of UHT milk toward sunlight can cause the milk to lose its nutritional properties through the disruption of vitamin B2. Moreover, milk that are exposes to sunlight also cause the milk to develop undesirable burned flavor that are due to the light inductive oxidation of fats and causes the changes in the structure of whey protein. Biological factor Growth and Activities of Microorganism: With opening of the packaging cause by physical stress and by consumer, this increase the opportunity of contamination by microorganism that is capable to cause degradation of protein, carbohydrates and fats that deteriorate the quality of the milk. Besides, foul aromas that are being developed by these spoilage microorganisms are deteriorate the quality of the milk. Moreover, other than deterioration that are causes during storage and by consumer, deterioration of UHT milk product also can be contributed by machinery used in the production line of the UHT milk such as the seal in the homogenizer as well as the air supplied to the aseptic packing unit (Tamime, 2009). In addition, the faulty seams and pinholes in the aseptic packaging box carton are major source of spoilage bacteria in the UHT milk that contribute the deterioration of the food product (Varnam Sutherland, 2001). Topic 3 (b): Principle of food preservation method used Based on the information given in the Dutch lady Malaysia website and the packaging, the principle of food preservation method being applied into the UHT full cream milk is Aseptic processing with the purpose to achieve commercial sterility. Aseptic processing is physical preservation methods that involve the utilization of heat to achieve sterility. The purpose of utilizing heat preservation method in the production of UHT Milk is to increase the keeping quality and the shelf life of the milk product. In addition, the utilization of heat treatment helps to reduce both the spoilage and pathogenic microbial population and their spore such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonella species, staphylococcus aureus, etc. Besides, heat preservation treatment help to inhibit enzymatic activity that is derived natively from milk as well as to limit the autoxidation that causes the chemical deterioration of milk lipids (Walstra, Wouters and Geurts, 2006). Commercial sterility in the context of food manufacturing is define as the degree of sterilization that destroy all pathogenic and toxin forming microorganism that are capable to causes spoilage in food under normal handling and storage condition(Vaclavik and Christian, 2008). In the production of Dutch lady UHT Full cream milk, commercial sterility is achieve through aseptic processing which involve the usage of thermal processing in the form of Ultra high temperature(UHT) preservation technique followed by aseptic packaging technique. The combination of UHT treatment coupled with aseptic packaging made a fundamental improvement in term of the bacteriological safety. Moreover, Aseptic processing improve the shelf life of the dairy product from typical 1-2 weeks of the refrigerated pasteurized product to longer shelf life ranging from 6-9 months without the need of refrigeration as well as the addition of food additive to increase its shelf life. Besides, the shelf life stability of the UHT Milk product that are contributed by the aseptic packaging benefits countries where environmental temperature is high as well as the limitation of refrigeration. (Tewari and Juneja, 2007) Topic 4: Unit of Operation in food production The units of operation involved in the production of Dutch Lady UHT Full cream milk are: (1) Recombination process, (2) Ultra High Temperature process, (3) Homogenization process and (4) Aseptic packaging Recombination process: A recombined milk product is produce through a combination of milk fat and milk solids-nonfat with or without water to re-establish the consistency of natural milk. The recombination process of the milk start with the dispersion of skim milk powder in the water with a temperature ranging between 40 to 50 C. The milk powder is being fed into the water through the usage of hopper with care taken to avoid any in-cooperation of air. There are various method used to in cooperated the powder into the water, where pre emptying the milk powder in a dry room with dust removal system is commonly applied in the recombination process. After the in-cooperation of milk powder with water, the reconstituted milk is left for minimum 15 to 20 minutes of hydration with the purpose of minimizing the powdery and chalky mouth feel. In some milk product manufacturer, the reconstituted milk is held overnight at 4 C prior to further processing to ensure complete hydration. Upon the co mpletion of hydration process, the reconstituted milk is transfer for filtration to separate out any undissolved milk powder particle. The reconstituted milk is then left for vacuum de-aeration for 20 minutes to remove occluded air that are commonly found in the milk powder with the purpose to prevent the fouling of heat exchanger and excessive oxidation. Lastly, the reconstituted milk is heated to 60 to 65 C with the in-cooperation of liquid milk fat or anhydrous milk fat making a course emulsion through virtuous stirring in a static mixer (USDEC, 2005). Ultra High Temperature: The combination of UHT processing together with aseptic packaging in milk was introduced to achieve a shelf stable product, at the same time minimizing chemical change as compared to the in-container sterilized milk. There are two type of heating method involved in the UHT process: direct indirect heating. In direct heating, UHT process is achieve by mixing superheated steam with milk. While in-direct heating achieve UHT through transferring heat from plate heat exchanger(PHE) across a partition between the milk and the heating medium either through steam or hot water (Mehta, 1980; Burton,1988). The Ultra high temperature processing involve heating the milk in a continuous process system to a relatively high temperature ranging around 135 degree Celsius with a minimum two second of holding time followed by a rapid cooling. Since the sterilization and cooling process of the flowing liquid-milk in the UHT process is relatively close, the longtime heat penetrati on problem derived from the in-container sterilization is avoided. Through the rapid heat transfer technique utilize in the UHT process, undesirable changes in taste and nutritional quality of the milk is minimized. (Tewari and Juneja, 2007) Aseptic Packaging: Aseptic packaging is a form of preservation technique involved the filling of sterile milk product into the sterile container (aseptic tank) in a sterile environment. It is then subsequently sealed through a continuous process that provides a high operational flexibility as well as high stability against microbial contamination (Tewari and Juneja, 2007). Moreover, the application of aseptic packaging allowed the milk to be package into a relatively versatile container that does not require any form of refrigeration condition that can be easily distributed in part of the world where refrigeration is uncommon. The most common aseptic packages used in the UHT milk are the tetrahedral-shaped paperboard cartons exemplified by Tetra Pak that is made out from the laminated roll stock consist a combination of polyethylene, paper, polyethylene, aluminum foil, polyethylene, and a coating of ionomer resin (Potter and Hotchkiss, 1998). Homogenization: Homogenization process is a universal set of industrial practice, purpose to stabilize the fat and water emulsions against separation that are causes by the gravitational pull (Bylund, 1995). In composition of the milk and cream, milk lipids are made out of fat globule that varies from 0.1 to 20  µm in diameter that have the tendency to gather into clumps which rises due to their relatively lighter density as compared to skim milk. This separation between the milk lipids and milk causes highly visible separated layers that are undesirable and unappealing to consumer. To eliminate the separation of milk, homogenization process is applied in the production of milk to cause the disruption of fat globules in order reduce its size to a smaller one, where the new interface is covered with milk protein predominantly micellar casein. Consequently, help to minimize the creaming properties of the milk as well as the tendency for fat globules to coalesce. Moreover, the purpose of integrating homogenization process in the production of UHT milk is further supported work from Walstra, Wouters and Geurts , where the process help to counteracting the creaming of milk lipids, to improve the stability towards partial coalescence as well as to create a desirable rheological properties of the milk (Walstra, Wouters and Geurts, 2006). References Bylund, G. (1995). Dairy processing handbook. 1st ed. [Lund, Sweden: Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB. Dutchlady.com.my (2014). Dutch Lady: Nutrition: Retain Fresh Milk. [online] Available at:http://www.dutchlady.com.my/en/home.asp?page=nutritionsubpage=retain_fresh_milk [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Furia, T. (1972). CRC handbook of food additives. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Harris, P. (1990). Food gels. 1st ed. London: Elsevier Applied Science. Milkunleashed.com, (2014). Aseptic Milk Packaging UHT Milk vs Pasteurization Tetra Pak. [online] Available at: http://www.milkunleashed.com/shelf-safe-milk/aseptic-packaging-uht-milk.html [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Pereira, G. (2014). What nutrients get lost when processing milk? (EUFIC). [online] Eufic.org. Available at: http://www.eufic.org/page/en/page/FAQ/faqid/nutrients-lost-processing-milk/ [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Potter, N. and Hotchkiss, J. (1998). Food science. 1st ed. Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers. Practical applications of gums and stabilisers in dairy Foods. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Massey university, p.10. Available at: http://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/B60880F0474D4FB6967D2CFA71A5D193.pdf [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Premiumingredients.es, (2014). Dairy drinks Premium Ingredients. [online] Available at: http://www.premiumingredients.es/applications/dairy/dairy-drinks/ [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Shereen Lehman, M. (2014). What Are Enriched and Fortified Foods?. [online] About.com Nutrition. Available at: http://nutrition.about.com/od/askyournutritionist/f/enriched.htm [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Tamime, A. (2009). Milk processing and quality management. 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell Pub./Society of Dairy Technology. Tasneem, M., Siddique, F., Ahmad, A. and Farooq, U. (2014). Stabilizers: Indispensable Substances in Dairy Products of High Rheology. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, [online] 54(7), pp.869-879. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.614702 [Accessed 28 Jun. 2014]. Tetrapak.com, (2014). Dairy and milk homogenization. [online] Available at: http://www.tetrapak.com/products-and-services/processing-equipment/dairy-equipment/homogenization [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Tewari, G. and Juneja, V. (2007). Advances in Thermal and Non-Thermal Food Preservation. 1st ed. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. USDEC, (2005). Reference Manual for US Milk Powders: 2005 Revised Edition. 1st ed. [ebook] United States Dairy Export Council. Available at: http://usdec.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/2008ReferenceManuals/Milk_Powder_Reference_Manual_Complete2_Optzed.pdf [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Walstra, P., Wouters, J. and Geurts, T. (2006). Dairy science and technology. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor Francis. Fiszman, S. M., Lluch, M. A. and Salvador, A. (1999). Effect of addition of gelation on microstructure of acidic milk gels and yoghurt and on their rheological properties. Int. Dairy J. 9:895–901. Varnam, A.H. Sutherland, J.P. (2001) Milk and Milk Products – Technology, Chemistry and Microbiology, Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg, MD. Ebola: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Ebola: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Table of Contents 1.1 Introduction on Ebola virus. 1.2 History of Ebola. 1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virus. 1.4 Symptoms of Ebola. 1.5 Diagnosing Ebola. 1.6 Treatment methods for Ebola. 1.7 Conclusion. 1.1 Introduction on Ebola virus. Ebola is an emerging virus even though it is not new-as it has been emerged before and can be classified as one of the most ancient viruses found and it is once again appearing (Draper, 2002). Ebola was first identified in the Democratic republic of Congo or which was previously known as Zaire, since it appeared in the town of Yambuku-central Africa in the year 1976 (Draper, 2002).The largest and the most complex Ebola outbreak since the first outbreak was in 1976, which was experienced by the people of west Africa in march 2014 (World Health Organization, 2014). This particular outbreak has gone through many cases which have lead to death more than all the previous outbreaks combined (WHO, 2014). Ebola can be classified according to its genetic antigenic characterization (Porrut, 2005). 1.2 History of Ebola. Ebola virus was first discovered and experienced in the form of two simultaneous outbreaks, first due to the E.Sudan and the other due to E.Zaire, both these outbreaks happened in places close by, in Sudan near the border with the Democratic republic of Congo (Smith, 2005).This virus further affected the towns of Nzara and Maridi between June and November 1976 which gave mortality rate as 53%: 150 of 284 victims which is the characteristic of the Sudan subtype (Smith, 2005). The second outbreak was due to the E.Zaire which occurred in the border of the democratic republic of Congo which is close to Sudan and the Central African Republic between August and November in the same year 1976 (Johnson, 2005). The virus is named after the Ebola River where the virus was first discovered in 1976 (CNN, 2014). The third outbreak occurred between July and October 1979 in the same place attacked by the Sudan virus, but didn’t cause great extensive outbreaks like the first two, this virus affected 34 people and killing 22- mortality 65% (Porrut, 2005). 1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virus. Among the Filoviridae virus, the two commonly found deadly viruses are the Ebola and the Marburg viruses- This viral family contains viruses with non segmented negative-sense RNA genomes (Geisbert and Jahrling, 2005,). Ebola virus is not harmful unless it fuses its glycoprotein viral with the host cell membrane (Wood-Lewis et al., 2005). There are mainly five types of Ebola viruses identified, which are: Ebola Zaire, Ebola Ivory Coast, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Bundibugyo, Ebola Reston and the one which is producing the outbreaks in 2014 was due to the Zaire species (WHO, 2014) Filovirus cell entry is supported by its class I fusion protein or the spike protein GP1, 2 (Volchkov, et al., 2011). There are seven genes in the order 3’ leader, nucleoprotein, virion-protein 35, VP40, glycoprotein, VP30, VP24, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L)-5’ trailer found in the genome (Sanchez et al., 2011). Ebola virus is transmitted to a human via having direct contact with another Ebola victim-here the direct contact includes: blood, secretions, organs or other body fluids of the victim and also the surfaces and materials which are contaminated with these fluids (WHO, 2011). Usually the victims of Ebola are infectious as long as their blood and body fluid-which includes semen and breast milk is contaminated with the virus (WHO, 2011). Ebola releases number of countless chemicals like cytokines, chemokines and histamines when it infects different types of cells (Smith, 2009).this causes the number of symptoms we can observe to conclude whether the person is a victim of Ebola or not( Smith, 2009).this virus’s genome is particularly small and appears as a long worm l where it resembles a length of thread but it can also be in a U-shaped or in a shape of â€Å"6† or even at times circular.( Smith, 2009). 1.4 Symptoms of Ebola. Ebola viruses are pathogenic for humans, as they cause specific febrile hemorrhagic disease and these symptoms will be directly shown after nearly a week (Baron, 2005) usually the symptom of Ebola includes fever, headache, and abdominal pain. Nausea, fatigue and mostly an ill feeling, but this is what makes diagnosing Ebola difficult, as these symptoms are common for many diseases (Smith, 2009). But to elaborate more, first symptoms of Ebola are sudden fever, muscle pain followed by headache and sore throat along with this the rest of the symptoms are shown which are: vomiting, diarrhea, rash and even at times internal and external bleeding is shown (WHO, 2014). 1.5 Diagnosing Ebola. It is usually difficult to categorize the Ebola virus and Marburg virus as they both have got similar clinical symptoms; here the most common symptoms are severe, febrile and acute fever (Feldman et al, 2005). Recently there have been many outbreaks on Ebola in several countries of central Africa and due to these outbreaks there have been different types of field diagnostics as medical sophisticated support was required. (Feldman et al., 2003,). For an instance, the two outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever which took place in Gabon, 1996 resulted in mortality of 66% and 75% respectively in laboratory confirmed patients. (Courbet et al., 1999). Several diagnostic assays for Ebola infection are currently used and have been recently evaluated in patients in the field. (Ksiazek et al., 1999). The different species of Ebola virus seem to cause somewhat different clinical syndromes, but it’s slightly difficult to observe them under perfect conditions, and it’s very rare that observations like this are done. (Feldman, Geisbert and kawaoka, 2007, p.129) Using the symptoms Ebola can be identified, but before doing so it is investigated using so many procedures like: Antigen-capture detection tests, Serum neutralization tests, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, Electron microscopy, Virus isolation by cell culture and Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Handling these can be highly dangerous and can be risky as these can be transmitted through direct contact (WHO, 2014). 1.6 Treatment methods for Ebola. Due to its specific morphology, still the drugs and the therapies are not fully evaluated, however it is currently evaluating (WHO, 2014).At the same time Ebola can be prevented to its maximum if we follow necessary preventive techniques like raising the awareness of Ebola infection, safe burials and social mobilization (WHO, 2014).Different species of Ebola virus causes different symptoms but the opportunities for a good observation of the virus under good condition is very rare (Feldman et al., 2011). The virulence of Ebola virus differs according to the species or strain which attacked the humans as well as non-human primates (Sanchez et al., 2011).among the Ebola’s genus infection rate of the Zaire Ebola virus and the Sudan Ebola virus rate differs, among these the Zaire Ebola virus has the highest case-fatality rates which is 60-90% (Guenno et al., 2011).lately due to some investigations done which included the observation of some attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein which previously has demonstrated efficiency as a vaccine against Ebola infections in rodents and monkeys (Feldman et al., 2007). It should be highly realized that workers such as doctors, nurses, scientists’ who work with direct contact with the victim too should be under consecutive care as Ebola is a directly spreading virus (Casillas, 2003). 1.7 Conclusion. Moreover to summarize all what is said above we can say that Ebola is not a virus to be put down as it is highly dangerous and very harmful as it can easily spread which causes it to be deadly and also as it can keep rising leading to tragedy deaths. And to recall the past, it is said that Ebola was found in Africa and the name itself implies on the first outbreak which happened near the Ebola River and also there are five main types of Ebola viruses but among them the E.Zaire and the E.Sudan are the commonly found ones. Ebola is a class 4 pathogen belonging to the family Filoviridae as it causes severe hemorrhagic fever and various symptoms and this is currently incurable as there are no specific treatments or drugs available. Isolating the infected person, handling the preventive techniques carefully might reduce the spreading of Ebola, and finally to conclude it is in the future’s hand to find proper vaccine and drugs to stop Ebola. Reference list Baron, C. R., Smith, D.I.H. and McCormick, B.J. (2005) ‘The natural history of Ebola’, microbes and infection, 7, pp.1005-1006, [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006 .(Accessed: 18 October 2014) Cable news network, S(2014), Ebola fast facts. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/11/health/ebola-fast-facts/ (Accessed:3 November 2014) Casillas, A. M., Nyamathi, A. M., Sosa, A., Wilder, C, L. and Sands, H (2003) ‘A current review of virus: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostic assessment’, Sage journals, 4, pp. 268-275 [Online] DOI: 10.1177/1099800403252603 (Accessed: 04 November 2014) Draper, A.S. (2002) Ebola. Google Books [Online] Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=FohdK6o-8WICprintsec=frontcoverdq=ebolahl=ensa=Xei=3ypWVNaYB8m3uQTq9IDgAQredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=ebolaf=false. (Accessed: 30 October 2014). Draper, A.S. (2002) Ebola. Google Books [Online] Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=FohdK6o-8WICprintsec=frontcoverdq=ebolahl=ensa=Xei=3ypWVNaYB8m3uQTq9IDgAQredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=ebolaf=false. (Accessed: 30 October 2014). Feldman, H., Geisbert, T. and Kawaoka, Y. (2007) ‘filo virus: recent advances and future challenges’ The Lancet, [online] available at:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673610606678. (Accessed: 18 October, 2014) Feldman, H., Geisbert, T.W., Kawaoka., Peters, C.J., Leduc, L.W., Pattyn, S.R. and Sanchez, A. (2011) ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’, The Lancet, 377, pp.849-862, [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8 (Accessed: 18 October 2014) Feldman, H., S.M. Jones., K.M. Daddario-Dicapario., J.B. Geisbert and U. Stroher (2007) ‘Effective post-exposure treatment of Ebola infection’, PLOS, January [Online] Available at: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.0030002#close (Accessed: 1 November 2014) Geisbert, T. W. and Jahrling, P. B. (2005) ‘Endosomal proteolysis of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is necessary for infection’, Science, 308, pp. 1643-1645, [Online] DOI: 10.1126/science.1110656. (Accessed 31 October 2014) Guenno, B. Le. Formenty, P. and Wyers, M. (2011) ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’, The Lancet, 377, pp.849-862, [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8 (Accessed: 18 October 2014) Feldman, H., Geisbert, T. W., Jahrlring, P. B., and Netesov, H. D. (2005) ‘laboratory diagnosis of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever’, Virology, 3, pp. 205-209 [online] Available at:http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/T98-3-2761-4-5p.pdf.(Accessed: 18 October 2014) Feldman, H., Jones, S., Klenk, H. D. and Schnitzler, H. J (2003) ‘Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine’ Nat rev immunol, 3, pp. 677-685 [online] available at: http://www.pathexo.fr/documents/articles-bull/T98-3-2761-4-5p.pdf. (Accessed: 18 October 2014) Leroy, E. M., Baize, S., Lu, C, Y., McCormick, B, J., Georges, A, J., Courbet, G, M-C., et al, (2000) ‘Diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by RT-PCR in an epidemic setting’, journal of medical virology, 60, pp.463-467 [online] available at:http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200004)60:43.0.CO;2-M?r3_referer=wolshow_checkout=1#14137278393851type=checkout%3Aready (Accessed: 18 October 2014) Porrut, X., Kumulungai, B., Wittman, T. and Moussavou (2005) ‘The natural history of Ebola’, Microbes and infection, 7(7-8), pp.1005-1014 [Online] DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006 (Accessed: 03 November 2014) Sanchez, A., Geisbert, T. W., Feldman, H. and P. B. Jahrling (2011) ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’ Lancet, 377, pp.849-862, [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8 (Accessed on 31 October 2014) Smith, T. C. (2009) Ebola. Google Books. [Online] Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=u22zQ669ZfoCpg=PA35dq=ebola+characteristicshl=ensa=Xei=_AZZVLWeDsLt8gXmoYGYDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=ebola%20characteristicsf=false (Accessed: 31 October 2014) Volchkov, V. E., Volchkova, V. A., Dolnik, O., Feldman, H., Klenk., Lee, J., Mangasarian and Tronto, D. (2011) ‘Ebola virus peptide immunoadhesins inhibit Marburg virus and Ebola virus cell entry’ Journal of virology, 22, pp.8502-8513, [Online] DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02600-10. (Accessed: 31 October 2014). Wood-Lewis, R. J., Bates, P. and Takada, A. (2005) ‘Endosomal proteolysis of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is necessary for infection’, Science, 308, pp. 1643-1645, [Online] DOI: 10.1126/science.1110656. (Accessed: 31 October 2014). World health organization (2014) Ebola virus disease. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/. (Accessed: 30 October 2014). 1

PRO-CHOICE VS. PRO-REGULATION: WHAT TERMS DESCRIBE THE CONFLICT AND WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR THE DISCUSSION? :: Essays Papers

PRO-CHOICE VS. PRO-REGULATION: WHAT TERMS DESCRIBE THE CONFLICT AND WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR THE DISCUSSION? Pro-life. Pro-choice. The two self-chosen terms for the respective sides of the struggle do not provide an equal playing field. Which side will a casual observer of the debate (especially a young one) identify with? There is, of course, no contest. No one wants to claim to be anti-life. The term â€Å"pro-life† shuts down discussion, pulling the issue out of a disagreement between two competing value systems by seizing the moral high ground. The name implies that there is only one life here, that of the fetus, and we are defending it. There is, of course, an equally compelling case to be made that the true pro-lifers are the ones who support the life of the female – the living being, rather than the potential one. Women will need abortions, legal or illegal, and if we once again outlaw them, many will once again die from unsafe procedures. That was the reality in the United States before Roe v. Wade. What about the lives of the children who grow up without a mother, their mothers having died from unsafe abortions? What about the cases where women will die if forced to carry a fetus to birth? In these cases, pro-life is clearly on the side of reproductive rights. â€Å"Pro-life† can as easily mean reproductive rights as it can mean anti-choice. However, if one side claims the pro-life position, it denies the moral legitimacy of the opposing position. The conflict of values is strikingly similar to that waged over the issue of slavery. Difficult as it may be today to imagine a moral case being made for slavery, that in fact was the moral position in the 1830’s. Similarly seizing the moral high ground, the pro-slavery advocates declared themselves to be on the side of God, the law and public opinion. Anti-slavery opponents were labeled Godless, man-stealing destroyers of the social order. Ministers of all denominations, North and South, justified slavery on the grounds that it was a God-given institution. Their proof was the Bible, as one Southern minister asserted: The same God who gave Abraham sunshine, air, rain earth, flocks, herds, silver and gold blessed him with a donative of slaves. Here we see God dealing in slaves, giving them to his favorite child, - a man of superlative worth, and as a reward for his eminent goodness.

The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Cultra, Co. Down, Northern Ireland :: Observation Essays, Descriptive Essays

The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Cultra, Co. Down, Northern Ireland Monuments and museums are arenas of public history and for the formation and articulation of identities and narratives.[1] Decisions taken as to the formation of museums and the selection, display and organisation of exhibits are influenced by criteria which are not necessarily politically neutral; these may especially involve devices of political elites to emphasise aspects of communal togetherness and thus exert control over communities.[2] Memory and commemoration of past events and generations is by its nature a political and contested act, especially in sharply divided societies.[3] It is no surprise that recently established governments and states should particularly concern themselves with the production of such forms of festivities, commemorations, and monuments.[4] As rulers of a sharply divided society, unionist elites in Northern Ireland in the aftermath of its eventful creation in 1920-1 had particular reasons to concern themselves, and did concern themselves, with such s trategies of power.[5] The integration of the province's Catholic minority may have been, or may have been felt to be, beyond the rulers of Northern Ireland;[6] but this very fact heightened the importance of preserving the highest possible degree of political unity under unionist hegemony among the Protestant majority.[7] In this context, the opening of the Ulster Folk Museum, located in Cultra in County Down, Northern Ireland (and now linked to the Ulster Transport Museum), in 1964, might theoretically be seen as a strategy in the ongoing attempted maintenance of unionist hegemony and social control in Northern Ireland. This might especially be assumed in that the early 1960s were a time when pressure for reform in Northern Ireland was increasing, and when the governing unionist coalition was fracturing, partly under the strains of early deindustrialisation.[8] Such a tourist site might also be seen as a propagandistic effort to appeal for political support (or reduced political opposition) from those with ancestral links to Ulster and its â€Å"traditions† in the wider diaspora. There are however manifold reasons for thinking that it may be rather too tempting to exaggerate the political intentions behind the formation of such a museum at such a time. Foucauldian notions of the exertion of kn owledge-power over the human body have been rightly criticized (even when applied to more favourable contexts) in that they fail properly to address complicated questions of agency and the issue of in whose interest any given strategy was exerted.

Are School Uniforms Beneficial or Not? Essay -- Argumentative Educati

Are School Uniforms Beneficial or Not? (â€Å"Quotes about Uniform Policy† 1). Theodore R. Mitchell, UCLA School of Education says, "I think its great news for all of us who have advocated school uniforms as a way of building community.† A pressing issue, bullying has become a big problem in many school, and to eliminate this problem, school policies should require students to wear uniforms. Many people believe that school uniforms build the community into a safer, more positive environment. School uniforms improve school academics, prevent gang violence, and assist families, who can not afford expensive clothing. Worrying more about others, rather than themselves, students pay more attention to the appearance of their peers instead of their academics. To begin, if school uniforms became apart of the school policy, students’ academics would improve phenomenally. Hanley noted that â€Å"The reason for the policy [was] to further improve ascending test scores and provide a safe, comfortable learning environment† (A1+). Clearly, school administrators wanted to improve test scores, and they figured if students dressed the same, then they would have no other choice but to focus on their school work. If the students can concentrate on their school work, then they will have high self- esteem. Furthermore, Valdez believes that school uniforms, positively, will change student academics: â€Å"†¦ [they] decrease self consciousness and increase self esteem...† (14). Reasonable and realistic, students who feel better about themselves will succeed in school rather than those who have poor self-esteem. Not only do school uniforms encourage students to have a better attitude about themselves, but they also change the environment in which students learn.... ...Print. Hanley, Kipp. â€Å"At Middle School, a uniform solution?† McClatchy-Tribune Business News. 4 Oct 2009: A1+. Sirs Knowledge Source. Proquest LLC. Web. 8 Nov 2010. Mitchell, Theodore R. â€Å"Quotes about Uniform Policy.† Lbschools.net. LBUSD. 2010. Long Beach Unified School District. Web. 15 Nov 2010. Soloman, Louis K. â€Å"Schools Smarten Up Without Uniforms.† Sun Sentinel 30 Jun 2004: A1+. Sirs Knowledge Source. Proquest. Web. 11 Nov 2010. Stephens, Daniel. â€Å"School Dress Codes are Necessary and Constitutional.† Student Rights May 2001: 12-16. Gale. North Caroline Family Policy. Web. 9 Nov 2010. Synder, Susan. â€Å"Shirts Tucked in, Cell Phones Out: School Rules are Changing.† Philadelphia Inquirer 24 Sept 2004: A1+. Sirs Knowledge Source. Proquest LLC. Web. 8 Nov 2010. Valdez, Al. How Can Gang Violence be Prevented? San Clemente: Law Tech, 2005. Print.

Guasha Movie Review

The movie Guasha’s setting is in America. It tells a story about the conflicts arisen by the culture differences between the Chinese an American. Xu Datong, a Chinese immigrant, had made a great success in the field of video game design. One day, Datong’s little son, Denis had a stomachache. The grandfather, who just came to join the family, used Guasha treatment to cure Denis’ stomachache. The treatment made Dennis’ back black and blue, which later became the evidence of child abuse. Datong took all the responsibilities for his father.Although he tried to explain that Guasha is a traditional Chinese treatment but failed to persuade the judge. He was forced to separate from his wife and son. However, the story had a happy ending. Datong’s boss experienced Guasha and helped the family out of the trouble. At the beginning of the movie, Datong seemed to have realized his American dream, for he had a successful career, a lovely wife and an adorable chil d. He believed that America was a true land of opportunities and immigrants could become the truly successful Americans by working hard.However, life is not always full of roses. The American dream broke overnight due to the Guasha treatment to his own child. We can’t tell it is the American or the Chinese that did the wrong things. The cultural differences and local laws shouldn’t be ignored by immigrants. The main line of the movie was the Guasha treatment. The children welfare organization accused Datong of abusing his child. Like other Chinese, Datong took it for granted that Guasha was just an ordinary medical treatment. However, the American didn’t think so.He tried to defend himself but failed to win the lawsuit. As he didn’t have an effective communication, he failed to persuade the American even his good friend that Guasha was a medical treatment. Later his good friend went to experience Guasha and realized that what he said was true. When he was accused, he failed to learn in advance the American legal system and procedures and did something irrational, which put him into troubles again and again. Also the Chinese â€Å"face† culture is shown in the movie, which can’t be understood by the American.Datong beat Dennis on the head because he didn’t want to say sorry to Paul, son of Datong’s boss. His boss thought kids’ fight was not a big deal. Although he didn’t think his son was wrong, he beat him in front of his boss to show his respect to his boss. His behavior later became the evidence that he was a violent father. Another difference is respecting and caring aged parents. Datong’s boss couldn’t understand why he’d made a scapegoat for his father. Datong’s wife simply relied â€Å"because he is a Chinese.† Datong’s cultural beliefs were so deeply set that it’s impossible for him think about the consequences of telling lies. Cultural differences are bound to be there due to the differences in perspective of philosophy, history, geography, mode of conduct etc. So do as Rome does while in Rome. It’s necessary to have the intercultural awareness, tolerate and adapt to the cultural diversity. Effective communication could be a way to solve the cultural differences. After the communication the world would be more harmony in the future. I think that’s why the hero named Datong in Chinese.

Procter and Gamble Company Essay

Background Procter and Gamble was formed by James Gamble & William Procter in 1837 by a candle manufacturer Procter and a soap manufacturer Gamble. This consumer product company started with a vision to grow to a $33 billion company and by 1879 it started selling its products directly to the consumers, by 1890 it has gained its legal corporation and ever since it has doubled it sales every ten years. P&G growth was driven by innovation not optimization. Radical innovation served as their backbone to success with other factors such as geographic expansion, product line extensions and acquisitions contributing to its growth. Some of its famous and successful acquisitions were, Duncan Hines, Clorox, charmin Paper mills, Folgers Coffee, NorwichEaton, Vicks (NyQuil), Noxell and Max Factor. It also recieves  the credit for developing innovative and advanced technology based products during 1940’s such as Tide, Crest,Pampers, Bounce etc.By the end of 1980’s P&G had its operations in 58 countries,its reputation was built with its new product development strategiesÍ ¾ they produced varied range of consumer products such that these products should meet â€Å"basic consumer needs† and create â€Å"superior total value† creating a brand image for the company. As noted in Kevin Kelly’s quote â€Å"Wealth in new regime flows directly from innovation and not optimization†, i.e. wealth is not gained by perfecting the known, but imperfecting the unknown. P&G successfully used this strategy to earn its reputation as one of the largest company in Cincinnati in 1895 and in 1995 earned the National Medal of technology, the highest given award in United states. P&G was also known for its strong ethics, values and recruiting the best and brightest. R&D was a major focus of P&G. In 1995 P&G spent 1.3billion on R&D,and emphasis was laid on combination of multiple R&D competencies and there were a lot of cross fertilization of technology. They also had an attractive work culture, employee compensation and had a structure in place which assured employees of growing within the organization with its up through the rank approach which fostered innovation. In the process of growing, P&G moved out of their old tradition of new product development and concentrated completely on the global expansion and development of existing products. With structured product  sectors in place, P&G had some difficulty fitting some new product idea into any of the available category which led to the rejection on various novel ideas. In 1993, the company started the Strengthening Global Effectiveness (SGE) with the goal of increasing profits through cost reduction which was achieved by reengineering  and reformation of distribution and manufacturing. This led to a successful increase in profits from 10% to 17% in a year. In the same year, CEO John Pepper said that their was an urge for developments of new brands in order to fulfill the companies longtime goals of increasing their sales. Mark Collar, Vice President and General Manager of New Business Development and a part of SGE said that a breakthrough is required to manage and accelerate the company’s innovation process. In addition, the concept of cross fertilization was fading out gradually so their was a requirement of a new innovation team that can incorporate the old traditions followed by the company during the 1960’s. Therefore this lead to the formation of Innovation Leadership Team (ILT) in 1993. The top seven officers of the company were a part of this team: John Pepper(Chairman and CEO)Í ¾ Durk Jager(President and COO)Í ¾ Wolfgang Berndt(Executive VP North America)Í ¾ Gordon Brunner(Senior VP Research and Development)Í ¾ Gary Martin(Senior VP Information Services and Product Supply) and Eric Nelson(Senior VP and CFO)Í ¾ Robert Wehling (Senior VP Advertising and Market Research). The ILT’s responsibility is to investigate the portfolio of the projects under development and projects on shelf, select valuable projects that add value to the firm. Soon Corporate Innovation Fund(CIF) was established for the funding the research on new products developments. The employees can report projects irrespective of their sector and obtain approval at very fast pace on appropriate projects.

Much Ado About Nothing- Beatrice and Benedick Essay

The relationship between Beatrice and Benedick develops throughout the early stages of Much Ado about Nothing by William Shakespeare. Past encounters between the two characters ignites a skirmish of wit between the two where they attempt to get inside each other’s head. The wittiness used by Beatrice and Benedick also suggests that there is a deeper meaning behind what they say and that they are deceived by their own foolishness. When we are first introduced to Beatrice and Benedick we learn of the ‘merry war’ between them. This skirmish of wit that occurs invokes past encounters. The two exchange a volley of sly and witty comments. As Beatrice ‘knows [him] of old’ she believes that Benedick is a ‘crow’ and is no more than a ‘very dull fool’. On the other hand, Benedick’s ‘commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy’. Benedick chooses to snipe at Beatrice and ‘always ends with a Jade’s trick’. These exchanges of witty comments between the pair suggest that there is a deep tension between them. It is revealed of the start of the play that the pair new each other ‘of old’, they were in a relationship and that this ‘merry war’ was expected of them in the Shakespearian society. The comments that are exchanged during this ‘merry war’ suggest that there is a deeper meaning behind their witty remarks and that their relationship could be far more meaningful then it currently is. This skirmish of wit between the two is deceptive. They do not want to show their actual feelings for one another. Beatrice believes that Benedick’s supposed image of himself being ‘loved by all ladies’ is full of arrogance and extremely unlikely. However this link between Benedick and his love for Beatrice portrays the idea that she may indeed have feelings for Benedick and that he is not just a ‘beast’. Although Beatrice’s comments are ruthless and unforgiving, we get the feeling that because of the wittiness of them and the tone of her voice that she doesn’t really mean them and that she is afraid of opening up about ‘loving’ Benedick. The two also share the same opinion about love, Beatrice would ‘rather hear [her] dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves [her]’, this is one of the very few qualities that Benedick admires about Beatrice and that she should ‘keep [her] ladyship in that mind’. This reference to love by Shakespeare gives a sense of anticipation that there are feelings between Beatrice and Benedick that are to develop throughout the play. The ‘merry war’ between Beatrice and Benedick is unwanted and unhealthy for both Beatrice and Benedick. It is obvious that both characters have strong feelings for one another and they are just deceiving themselves if they think otherwise. I think that Beatrice and Benedick are better off when they are together, like at the end of the play. With the feelings that Beatrice and Benedick feel for each other I do not believe that this ‘merry war’ could have continued.

Centromere Location and Chromosome Separation

Centromere Location and Chromosome Separation A centromere is a region on a chromosome that joins sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are double-stranded, replicated chromosomes that form during cell division. The primary function of the centromere is to serve as a place of attachment for spindle fibers  during cell division. The spindle apparatus elongates cells and separates chromosomes  to ensure that each new daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes at the completion of mitosis and meiosis. The DNA in the centromere region of a chromosome is composed of tightly packed chromatin known as heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is very condensed and is therefore not transcribed. Due to its heterochromatin composition, the centromere region stains more darkly with dyes than the other regions of a chromosome. Key Takeaways Centromeres are regions on a chromosome that join sister chromatids whose primary function is for the attachment of spindle fibers in cell division.While centromeres are typically located in the central area of a chromosome, they can also be located near the mid-region or at a number of different positions on the chromosome.Specialized zones on centromeres called kinetochores attach the chromosomes to spindle fibers in prophase in mitosis.Kinetochores have protein complexes that generate kinetochore fibers. These fibers help to orient and separate chromosomes during cell division.In meiosis, in metaphase I, the centromeres of homologous chromosomes are oriented toward opposite cell poles while in meiosis II, spindle fibers extending from both cell poles attach to sister chromatids at their centromeres. Centromere Location A centromere is not always located in the central area of a chromosome. A chromosome is comprised of a short arm region (p arm) and a long arm region (q arm) that are connected by a centromere region. Centromeres may be located near the mid-region of a chromosome or at a number of positions along the chromosome. ​ Metacentric centromeres are located near the chromosome center.Submetacentric centromeres are non-centrally located so that one arm is longer than the other.Acrocentric centromeres are located near the end of a chromosome.Telocentric centromeres are found at the end or telomere region of a chromosome. The position of the centromere is readily observable in a human karyotype of homologous chromosomes. Chromosome 1 is an example of a metacentric centromere, chromosome 5 is an example of a submetacentric centromere, and chromosome 13 is an example of an acrocentric centromere. Chromosome Segregation in Mitosis Prior to the start of mitosis, the cell enters a stage known as interphase where it replicates its DNA in preparation for cell division. Sister chromatids are formed that are joined at their centromeres.In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle polar fibers. Kinetochores are composed of a number of protein complexes that generate kinetochore fibers, which attach to spindle fibers. These fibers help to manipulate and separate chromosomes during cell division.During metaphase, chromosomes are held at the metaphase plate by the equal forces of the polar fibers pushing on the centromeres.During anaphase, paired centromeres in each distinct chromosome begin to move apart as daughter chromosomes are pulled centromere first toward opposite ends of the cell.During telophase, newly formed nuclei enclose separated daughter chromosomes. After cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm), two distinct daughter cells are formed. Chromosome Segregation in Meiosis In meiosis, a cell goes through two stages of the dividing process. These stages are meiosis I and meiosis II. During metaphase I, the centromeres of homologous chromosomes are oriented toward opposite cell poles. This means that homologous chromosomes will attach at their centromere regions to spindle fibers extending from only one of the two cell poles.When spindle fibers shorten during anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite cell poles but sister chromatids remain together.In meiosis II, spindle fibers extending from both cell poles attach to sister chromatids at their centromeres. Sister chromatids are separated in anaphase II when spindle fibers pull them toward opposite poles. Meiosis results in the division, separation, and distribution of chromosomes among four new daughter cells. Each cell is haploid, containing only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Centromere Anomalies Centromeres play an important role by participating in the separation process for chromosomes. Their structure however, can make them possible sites for chromosome rearrangements. Keeping the integrity of centromeres intact is thus an important job for the cell. Centromere anomalies have been linked to various diseases like cancer.

Gestalt Therapy Essays

Gestalt Therapy Essays Gestalt Therapy Paper Gestalt Therapy Paper Gestalt therapy was largely developed by Fritz Perls and his wife, Laura. Together they created a theory that is based on the premise that individuals must be understood in the context of their ongoing relationship with the environment. To better understand that, one must review the key concepts, therapeutic process, and the techniques of application. The first key concept of Gestalt therapy is its view of human nature. Perls believed that genuine knowledge is the product of what is immediately evident in the experience of the perceiver. He believed that individuals have the capacity to self regulate in their environment if they are fully aware of what is happening in and around them. There are several basic principles that underlie the practice of Gestalt therapy. Holism, one of the principles, is the interest in the whole person. The therapist will attend not only to the clients thoughts, feelings, and dreams. The field theory suggests that the client be seen in its environment and the figure formation process is how the individual organizes the environment from moment to moment. Last is the organismic self, which is a process by which equilibrium is disturbed by the emergence of a need. The next key concept is the focus of the now in Gestalt therapy. The present is seen as the most significant tense. To help the client stay in the here and now, therapist often ask what and how questions but rarely why. A Gestalt therapists aim is to help clients make contact with their emotions. For example, if a client begins to talk about sadness, the therapist will do what they can to have the client actually experience that sadness in the now. : Another key concept is that of unfinished business. When figures emerge from the background but are not completed and resolved, individuals are left with unfinished business. This can manifest in unexpressed feelings such as resentment, anger, frustration, rage, pain, anxiety, and grief. Yet another key concept is contact and resistances to contact. In Gestalt therapy, contact is necessary if change and growth are to occur. Contact is made my seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving and it is made effectively by interacting with nature and other people without one losing their individuality. However, people often resist contact. Resistances to contact are defenses we develop to prevent us from experiencing the present. These defenses are called introjection, projection, retroflection, deflection, and confluence. The concern of Gestalt therapists is helping the client to become aware of how they are blocking their environment. The last key concept to talk about is energy and blocks to energy. Blocked energy is another form of resistance and it can be manifested by tension in some parts of the body such as posture, keeping ones body tight and closed, not breathing deeply, etc? The therapist aims to make their client aware of their blocked energy and bring the sensations to the clients awareness. To further the understanding of Gestalt therapy, it is important to get a good idea of the therapeutic process. The basic goal of therapy is attaining awareness and with it, greater choice. Awareness emerges within the context of a genuine meeting between the client and therapist. The therapists function is to assist the client in developing their own awareness and experiencing themselves how they are in the present. The therapists must also pay attention to their clients body language. These nonverbal cues can provide a lot of useful information because they are often a result of feelings that the client is unaware of. The Gestalt counselor must also focus on the clients language patterns and personality. The therapist will challenge the client by interventions that help them become aware of the effects of their language patterns. Gestalt practice involves a person-to-person relationship between the therapist and the client. The therapist is responsible for the quality of their presence, for knowing themselves and the client, and remaining open to the client. Although Gestalt therapy is quite simple, that does not mean that the therapists job is easy. They have a number of challenging techniques and procedures they use. One of which is the experiment, which is grown out of the interaction between the client and therapist. The experiment is a way to bring out some sort of internal conflict within the client by making the struggle an actual process. A therapist may have their client play out or relive a problem situation to increase their range of flexibility of behavior. In addition to experiments, the Gestalt therapist will use confrontation. This is not to be mistaken as a harsh attack. Gestalt confrontation is done in such a way that clients cooperate, especially when they are invited to examine their behaviors attitudes, and beliefs. This confrontation is used in correlation with the experiments. It can be used in many interventions used by Gestalt therapists. These interventions include the internal dialogue exercise, making the rounds, the reversal exercise, the rehearsal exercise, the exaggeration exercise, staying with the feeling, and dream work. Gestalt therapy seems as thought it would be best suited for someone who has had numerous problems in the past or who has a lot of built up anger and resentment. Allowing these people to relive these feelings, they will be able to fully experience those feelings and no longer carry them around. This could also work in counseling people of various cultures, however it would need to be proceeded with caution. It would be appropriate because experiments can be tailored to fit the person individually and to fit the unique way they perceive things. Also, the Gestalt therapist approaches the client in an open way and without preconceptions. However, Gestalt therapy tends to produce a high level of intense feelings and not all cultures value expression of feelings and emotion. This could be true with anyone though, I know I would have difficulty expressing such intense emotions. I tend to be emotionally reserved and it would be uncomfortable for me, which in turn could drive me away from therapy. However, I do agree with the theorys use of experiments. I think it is important for the client to actively realize their faulty thinking. Through the experiments, the client can experience feelings and become aware of how they are controlling their life. I do question, however, how effective the experiments would really be. I would have to see to believe that a person can play out a past situation and feel just as intensely as if it were really occurring. After reviewing the Gestalt therapy and its key concepts, therapeutic process, and application, I have realized that that thus far, this is my least favorite form of therapy. Though, like the others, I will take bits and pieces of it which will shape my future form of practice.

The Scarlet Pimpernal essays

The Scarlet Pimpernal essays The Scarlet Pimpernel was written by Baroness Orczy. The novel was first published in 1905. It tells a story about a brave gentleman of many disguises who seeks out and saves innocent soles from France. The only thing anybody knew about his presence was the blood-red flower known as the Scarlet Pimpernel. The year is 1792. The French Revolution has turned into a Reign of Terror. Daily, turmoil rolls over the crowded streets of Paris, bearing new victims of the unforgivable Madame Guillotine. As the story begins hundreds and hundreds of innocent people are being convicted to the guillotine. When the Scarlet Pimpernel makes his first appearance he is dressed as an old hag who drives a cart. Until the Frenchmen could find out that indeed it was the Scarlet Pimpernel and that in the cart lay Comtesse de Tournay and other traitors, they were long gone. In the midst lay one beauty, Marguerite, with emotional heartbreak she suffers from the decision of saving her dear brother, Armand, or saving the one and only Scarlet Pimpernel. With Chauvelin on her tail she is forced to decide. But upon discovering her husband's covert identity she risks her life in a desperate trip to England to warn him as Chauvelin's forces close in on them both. Percy once again outwits Chauvelin, who is left unable to fulfill his quest of capturing the Pimpernel. After making some parting comments to his nemesis, Percy and Marguerite leave to return to England. Back on the boat they reaffirm their love for one another as they set sail for home. The final scene of the book (if you can call it that...it goes on for about 100 pages!) is very good, and I have to say I didn't suspect Percy's disguise in that caper up to the very end! I thought the ending was rather abrupt, but I hope to read some more of the sequels soon to see how she continued the story. ...

El fraude de la licencia internacional de manejar

El fraude de la licencia internacional de manejar Los requerimientos para la licencia de manejar en Estados Unidos son diferentes segà ºn el estado de residencia y el estatus migratorio de los conductores.   Lo cierto es que las licencias internacionales de manejar tienen un fin legà ­timo y à ºtil, pero NO pueden ser utilizadas como un sustituto de una licencia de un estado de los Estados Unidos. Esto à ºltimo puede ser un fraude del que lamentablemente pueden ser và ­ctimas los migrantes ms vulnerables. En este artà ­culo se explican los usos vlidos de la licencia internacional de manejar y cundo no puede ser utilizada. Licencias de manejar para visitantes como turistas o personas de negocios Las personas con una visa de turista pueden manejar en Estados Unidos con las licencias de sus paà ­ses. Pero para rentar autos las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as frecuentemente piden una licencia internacional para manejar. Tiene que obtenerse en el paà ­s del que proviene el visitante y por sà ­ sola no es suficiente para manejar: siempre tiene que ir acompaà ±ada de la licencia original. Adems, ese documento de la licencia internacional  no sirve como documento para identificarse. Si los turistas manejan durante su estancia en los Estados Unidos es conveniente que sepan quà © hacer en el caso de recibir un ticket de trnsito (multas de trfico). En el caso de los mexicanos, à ©stas son las reglas a seguir si se ingresa un auto con placas mexicanas. Adems, si se est interesado en evitar las demoras en los pasos por los puentes internacionales, se puede solicitar una tarjeta SENTRI. Licencias de manejar para personas con visas que permiten trabajar o estudiar o vivir en EEUU Los extranjeros que al amparo de una visa como la H-1B para profesionales y modelos u otras visas de trabajo temporero,   la F-1 para estudiantes u otras visas como las J-1 de intercambio viven por cierto tiempo en EEUU pueden aplicar por una licencia de manejar. Los requisitos son diferentes segà ºn el tipo de visa y el estado ya que en EEUU cada uno de los 50 estados emite su propia licencia de manejar que es vlida para conducir por todo el paà ­s. En general se puede decir que hay que aprobar un examen teà ³rico y otro prctico, probar con diversos documentos que uno es quien dice ser y demostrar que se reside en el estado en el que aplica. Incluso los titulares de una visa H-4, que se extiende para los familiares de los profesionales con una H-1B, pueden obtener la licencia de manejar aunque no tienen derecho a una tarjeta de Seguridad Social. En estos casos la Administracià ³n de la SS les entrega una carta que deben llevar al Departamento de Vehà ­culos de Motor del estado en el que residen para que les permitan sacar el permiso de conducir. En general los permisos de conducir para los extranjeros con visas tienen la misma fecha de expiracià ³n que sus visas. Una vez que expira, la licencia de manejar no es vlida y no se puede conducir. Si lo hace, la persona puede ser arrestada, multada, citada a Corte y, en el peor de los casos, detenida. Si se ha pedido una extensià ³n de la visa, es recomendable esperar a que à ©sta llegue y despuà ©s pedir una extensià ³n del permiso de manejo y mientras tanto no conducir. Hay que resaltar que si una persona con una visa despuà ©s de varios meses viviendo en EEUU sigue manejando con la licencia de su paà ­s original, puede que aunque tenga un seguro de auto à ©ste no le dà © cobertura en caso de accidente. Porque los seguros pueden exigir que en estos casos el extranjero tenga una licencia de un estado estadounidense. Residentes legales permanentes y ciudadanos Los ciudadanos americanos y los residentes permanentes deben siempre manejar con una licencia del estado en el que residen. Es falso que puedan aplicar por una licencia de manejar internacional y asà ­ manejar sin riesgo a perder los puntos en su licencia original si son multados. Tambià ©n es totalmente falso que puedan usar una licencia internacional mientras tienen su permiso de conducir suspendido o revocado. Estas licencias internacionales de manejar son un fraude. Y es que sà ³lo dos organizaciones estn autorizadas en EEUU para vender licencias internacionales de manejar y son la American Automobile Association, (AAA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y la American Automobile Touring Alliance. Estos permisos, que cuestan entre $10 y $15 son una traduccià ³n a once idiomas de la licencia de manejar y sà ³lo se pueden utilizar en el extranjero. Adems, incluso en el extranjero estas licencias sà ³lo son vlidas cuando van acompaà ±adas por el permiso de manejo original. Indocumentados Cada vez ms indocumentados pueden sacar una licencia vlida de manejar. Si no tienen permisos de conducir de uno los estados que lo permiten, entonces no pueden manejar con una licencia internacional, ni verdadera obtenida en su paà ­s, ya que es sà ³lo vlida para los visitantes e incluso ellos tienen que mostrar la licencia original, ni con una pretendida licencia comprada en EEUU que, en realidad, son un fraude. Las à ºnicas vlidas las emiten sà ³lo la AAA y la AATA a personas que tienen una licencia vlida y sà ³lo se pueden utilizar cuando esas personas viajan al extranjero. No son licencias vlidas ni identificaciones vlidas en EEUU. En momentos es importante estar informado sobre  cà ³mo la presidencia de Donald Trump  est afectando a los migrantes, incluidas las 7 nuevas prioridades de deportacià ³n. A tener en cuenta Los Dreamers con Accià ³n Diferida pueden obtener una licencia de manejar todos los estados. Inicialmente Arizona y Nebraska lo prohibieron. Pero por diferentes razones tales prohibiciones no estn ya en vigor. Los Dreamers son muchachos indocumentados que llegaron a los Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os. Ms de un millà ³n de ellos pueden beneficiarse de la medida aprobada por el presidente Barack Obama conocida por Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).   Al menos por ahora, esta medida sigue en vigor. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The problem of Japan Essays

The problem of Japan Essays The problem of Japan Essay The problem of Japan Essay By the 1920s Japan was a major imperial power. It had secured Formosa from China in 1895; Korea from Russia in 1905 and after 1914 had taken all German colonies in China and the Pacific north of the equator. It also had substantial interests in Manchuria, a large province, which it had leased from China.The Japanese people, disappointed with their gains from the First World War favoured expansion. The political turmoil in China and its policies toward Japan provided incitement to Japan to intervene in Manchuria.Japan was hit hard by the start of the 1930s with the great depression, giving them even more incentive to expand. Such expansion could provide raw materials and markets that Japan lacked. By 1931 the Japanese army, acting without the consent of the government, seized many points in Manchuria. China Immediately appealed to the League of Nations. Article 16 of the Covenant of the League states that should any country resort to war in disregard to its obligations, this would amo unt to an act of war against all the other members of the league.China was expecting Article 16 to be invoked but the League of Nations failed to do so. There can be many reasons attributed to this, the first of which is the fact that Japanese and Chinese soldiers were repeatedly involved in frays. This meant there was no concrete evidence that Japan had resorted to war. Whether this simply acted as an excuse for the League not to get involved or they didnt want to act without certain knowledge is irrelevant, as it doesnt take away the fact that they had a reason not to act.By February 1932 Japan had control of all Manchuria and had set up the puppet state Manchuko. Britain was concerned because it had business interests in Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Malaya. The British politicians were unhappy about japans actions but there was a degree of sympathy; Britain had also suffered the provocation from Chinese nationalists. Japan also brought a degree of prosperity to Manchuria as well whereas the Chinese economy was in political ruin.Britain also had enough problems of its own; its navy was too weak to enforce sanctions and the troops they had in the area were undefended and USA refused to enforce League action. Britains main aim was to try and make China and Japan come to an agreement.In conclusion Britain had no choice but to act in the way it did, they were fully justified in not using military force to settle the conflict, and if the finger should be pointed at any country for not taking action against Japan it should be at the USA. They time and time again failed to come through for Britain because of economically motivated reasons and they were the integral part of Britain securing an agreement for China and Japan.

MLA Style Parenthetical Citations

MLA Style Parenthetical Citations Many high school teachers  require students to use MLA format  for their papers.  When a teacher requires a certain style, it means they expect you to follow guidelines for formatting  line spacing, margins, and the  title page  in a specific way. Your teacher may provide a style guide. As you write your paper in MLA format, you will be referencing things you found in your research and will need to indicate exactly where you found the information. As an alternative to  using footnotes (which are common in Chicago format),  this can be done with parenthetical citations. These  are brief  notations that explain where you found your facts. Any time you make reference to someone elses idea, either through paraphrasing or quoting them directly, you must provide this notation. It will include  the author’s name and the page number from their work. Here is an example of parenthetical citation: Even today, many children are born outside the safety of hospitals (Kasserman 182). This indicates that you are using information found in a book by somebody named Kasserman (last name) and it was found on page 182. You may also give the same information in another way if you want to name the author in your sentence. You might want to do this to add variety to your paper: According to Laura Kasserman, â€Å"many children today do not benefit from the sanitary conditions which are available in modern facilities† (182). Many children are born outside the safety of hospitals. Be sure to use quotation marks when quoting someone directly.

Creative Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creative Leadership - Essay Example Secondly, communication and vision is very important. This guides the behavior o the members and allow them to make sense of the changes that the organization need. Finally, he also argued that empowerment of all members is very important in making changes more effective. The more involved people are in the process of change, the more effective the change will be and the more lasting it will be for the company (Coyle and Kossek, 2000). There are different forms of leadership that can be applied in implementing business goals and strategies. There are lots of valuable leadership forms, which many leaders could use. They represent the most effective and the least effective leadership strategy. To name them as most ineffective is not to say that they could not be use. These forms of leadership can be used however it must depend on the context. Leaders must find ways of diversifying their leadership styles to ensure that they are applied appropriately to certain situations. Leaders would need to balance authority and democracy in their leadership styles (Goleman, 2000). There is a need to have the sensitivity and emotional capacity to recognize what would be the most appropriate leadership strategy that is being called for by the situation. In many cases using just one strategy cannot generate effective results. One of the important components in leadership is also reco... According to many psychological studies, which aim to recognize the character behind some of the effective leaders in successful organizations, emotional intelligence is very important for many leaders (Goleman, 2000). This has been widely reviewed in many literatures. According to Goleman (2000) this emotional intelligence can be reflected on the ability of leaders to have the necessary social skills. This means that they must be able work well with their people under different circumstances to ensure that there are no barriers to communication. This would help the problem to be resolved immediately and for improvements of the programs be initiated efficiently. They must also have high levels of motivation, which would allow them to do things through initiative and exceed the expected results. They must be really flexible as well to the call of the times and the moment. Finally creative leaders should be able to know their limitations and admit that they cannot possibly do everythin g. B. F. Skinner is considered the Father of operant conditioning, and he maintains that "Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a given behavior is followed either by reinforcement (leading to the strengthening of that behavior), nothing (leading to the weakening of that behavior), or punishment (leading to aversion to that behavior)." (Learning Theory and Christian Leadership). Leaders must know how to deal with problems creatively. Part of the creative leadership is to signify new challenges for managers. There is a need to redistribute the power within the organization and make managers as influencers rather than controllers of subordinates. That

To what extent does organisational culture influence the degree of Essay

To what extent does organisational culture influence the degree of employee engagement in an organisation - Essay Example The significant aspect lies on the basis of these societal and industrial cultures bringing about an imperative basis for the organizational culture to exist in the most basic sense. One must understand that the organization cannot exist in seclusion and it has to remain in constant touch with the society in which it exists and the industry under which it finds competitors for its own selves and the strategic alliances, mergers and unities that form as a result of the same. (Deeks, 1993) Now the foundation lies merely on the manner under which the strategic and the tactical moves are adopted by this organization under study and how best it delivers towards the needs of the stakeholders, customers and employees working for the benefit of the organization itself, both from the short term perspective as well as an investment in the long run. Seeking to introduce something on the lines of the customer’s wants and needs is a difficult proposition for the organization since it has to change its values and cultural basis but then again is an interesting offering which more or less suggests the ‘changing’ regime of the organization and to the levels the organization can bend itself for the sake of the valued customer. (Hatch & Cunliff, 2005) The changing market structure might call for changing strategies and lines of action that would all target the people for whom the product is actually designed as well as the competitors with whom the clutter is being broken in the environs of the marketplace. (Massey, 2001) Thus competition brings in more and more quality at the end of the company with regards to its products as well as more sales in the form of its varied and changed stance on focusing towards the customers rather than the product itself. (Covin, 1999) Apart from that, emphasis on need must be the o rder of the day rather than bringing out more and more varied stock key units just for the

How FDI Helps Nurture Domestic Competition Environment Dissertation

How FDI Helps Nurture Domestic Competition Environment - Dissertation Example Second, the typical Solow growth model is offered aiming at simplifying the main drives for economic growth. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the actions of the MNEs is included. As a result, this method provides a multi-dimensional approach which puts emphasis on the modifications in efficiency, labour and possible spillover effects arising from the MNEs’ actions in China. Table of Content Contents Abstract 2 Table of Content 3 Contents 3 Introduction 3 Literature Review 5 Theoretical Framework 6 The Model 6 Conceptual Framework 11 Unconditional Approach 13 Conditional Approach 14 Total Factor Productivity Approach 16 Methodology 18 Research Methods 18 Data Sources 19 References 20 Introduction One of the greatest sensitive zones in international economics currently is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Developing countries like China dread misuse on one hand, and insufficient access to foreign capital, expertise, marketing, and administration skills on the other. FDI comp rises a course of financial capital and impalpable assets like technology, professional capabilities, promotion skills and other possessions (Blonigen, 2005). It is worth noting that direct investment, in most cases, it begins with a minute or no net flow of financial capital. Occasionally, the parent company only adds its trademark name, managerial principles pegged with other assets of the less tangible variety (Moosa, 2002). A good prevarication strategy for a parent company that has foreign currency possessions in its partners is to take on foreign currency obligations as well (Ruane, & Ugur, 2005). This is made available by appropriating in foreign moneys that are used to fund the affiliate. In the current years, the portion of the developing nations as a basis of FDI significantly intensifies. However, the lion’s part is reserved to the EU nations, USA and Japan which make up for 80-90 percent of the entire FDI outflows. In situations where FDI is measured as a proporti on of GDP, the developed nations still account for the inordinate majority of FDI outflows (Kneller & Pisu, 2005). The role of FDI unavoidably increases in a quickly globalizing world. Bill Gates once said: â€Å"No one gets to vote on whether technology is going to change our lives†. By utilizing this quote as a representation, comparable parallels can be made in respect to FDI. No doubt, FDI has developed into an evitable part of the current globalized world and no person has the authority to stop this development. Therefore, it is vital that the consequences of FDI to the host economies be carefully and independently assessed. It is worth declaring that this is not an easy task, bearing in mind the schism of the bulk of opinions (Simpson, 2010). GDP, Export and FDI flows* *(Constant 1995 US$ index numbers, 1970=100, log scale) Source: Navaretti & Venables, 2004 Literature Review Theoretical Framework This chapter targets to provide the dissertation with a resilient theoret ical framework in association with economic growth pegged with its determinants. By understanding and appreciating what motivates the development in the short and long-run, it will be much tranquil to identify the influence that FDI has on the domestic competition environment. The beginning point of this investigation is the structure of a production function. Bestowing Alfaro, Kalemli-Ozcan and Sayek, (2009), we will use Solow’s neo-classical model of economic growth as a foundation of the discussion. This model was a