The Sixteenth Century An Era Of Extreme Turmoil And...

The sixteenth century proved to be an era of extreme turmoil and change within the Catholic Church. During this time period a once solid and united religion centered around the Papacy in Rome became splintered and thrust into the middle of a literal crisis of faith. Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII and the Anabaptist groups all directly challenged the supreme authority of the Roman Catholic Church leading to wars of both the spiritual and earthly variety. Martin Luther, a monk born in 1482 AD who ironically began his life as a devout Roman Catholic teacher of divinity at the University of Wittenburg sparked one of the earliest and most widespread uprisings against Rome. After traveling to Rome and witnessing firsthand the†¦show more content†¦The great writer Desiderius Erasmus put the main issue into simple words saying, â€Å"By this easy way of purchasing pardons, any notorious highwayman†¦shall disburse some part of their unjust gains, and so think all t heir grossest impieties sufficiently atoned for† (Rogers 313). The practice of de facto requiring a donation to the Church to able to receive an indulgence made the practice definitively non spiritual thus causing great offense to pious men such as Luther. In October of 1517 as a direct response to the selling of indulgences, Luther would post his soon to be famous 95 Theses onto the front door of Wittenburg Cathedral, signaling the beginning of a revolution. This document represented a personal manifesto of everything Luther felt was wrong about the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences. Luther’s Theses would quickly become extremely popular selling 50,000 copies in its first three weeks. While Luther’s monastic overseers strongly remained he stay silent Luther remained firm in his beliefs after being challenged to a debate by a fellow religious expert John Eck. During the debate Luther boldly claimed that the Pope himself was totally unnecessary . By 1520 Luther had gone all in on his claims, publishing pamphlets about his new ideas. Within these pamphlets he stated, â€Å"it is pure invention that pope, bishops, priests and monks are to be called the spiritual estate† (Rogers

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a 40-foot-high, ivory and gold, seated statue of the god Zeus, king of all the Greek gods. Located in the sanctuary of Olympia on the Greek Peloponnese Peninsula, the Statue of Zeus stood proudly for over 800 years, overseeing the ancient Olympic Games and being acclaimed as one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. The Sanctuary of Olympia Olympia, located near the town of Elis, was not a city and it had no population, that is, except for the priests that took care of the temple. Instead, Olympia was a sanctuary, a place where members of the warring Greek factions could come and be protected. It was a place for them to worship. It was also the place of the ancient Olympic Games. The first ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BCE. This was an important event in the history of the ancient Greeks, and its date -- as well as the foot-race winner, Coroebus of Elis -- was a basic fact known by all. These Olympic Games and all that came after them, occurred in the area known as the Stadion, or stadium, in Olympia. Gradually, this stadium became more elaborate as the centuries passed by. So did the temples located in the nearby Altis, which was a sacred grove. Around 600 BCE, a beautiful temple was built to both Hera and Zeus. Hera, who was both the goddess of marriage and the wife of Zeus, was seated, while a statue of Zeus stood behind her. It was here that the Olympic torch was lit in ancient times and it is also here that the modern Olympic torch is lit. In 470 BCE, 130 years after the Temple of Hera was built, work began on a new temple, which was to become famous around the world for its beauty and wonder. The New Temple of Zeus After the people of Elis won the Triphylian war, they used their spoils of war to build a new, more elaborate temple at Olympia. Construction on this temple, which would be dedicated to Zeus, began around 470 BCE and was done by 456 BCE. It was designed by Libon of Elis and centered in the middle of the Altis. The Temple of Zeus, considered a prime example of Doric architecture, was a rectangular building, built upon a platform, and oriented east-west. On each of its long sides were 13 columns and its shorter sides held six columns each. These columns, made of local limestone and covered with white plaster, held up a roof made of white marble. The exterior of the Temple of Zeus was elaborately decorated, with sculpted scenes from Greek mythology on the pediments. The scene over the entrance of the temple, on the east side, depicted a chariot scene from the story of Pelops and Oenomaus. The western pediment depicted a battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs. The inside of the Temple of Zeus was much different. As with other Greek temples, the interior was simple, streamlined, and meant to showcase the statue of the god. In this case, the statue of Zeus was so spectacular that it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Inside the Temple of Zeus sat a 40-foot-tall statue of the king of all Greek gods, Zeus. This masterpiece was designed by the famous sculptor Phidius, who had previously designed the large statue of Athena for the Parthenon. Unfortunately, the Statue of Zeus no longer exists and so we rely on the description of it left us by second century CE geographer Pausanias. According to Pausanias, the famous statue portrayed a bearded Zeus sitting upon a royal throne, holding a figure of Nike, the winged goddess of victory, in his right hand and a scepter topped with an eagle in his left hand. The entire seated statue rested upon a three-foot-high pedestal. It was not the size that made the Statue of Zeus unequaled, although it was definitely large, it was its beauty. The entire statue was made from rare materials. Zeus’s skin was made out of ivory and his robe was made up of plates of gold that were intricately decorated with animals and flowers. The throne was also made of ivory, precious stones, and ebony. The regal, godlike Zeus must have been amazing to behold. What Happened to Phidius and the Statue of Zeus? Phidius, the designer of the Statue of Zeus, fell out of favor after he finished his masterpiece. He was soon jailed for the offense of placing his own and his friend Pericles’ images within the Parthenon. Whether these charges were true or trumped up by political disfavor is unknown. What is known is that this master sculptor died in prison while waiting for trial. Phidius’ Statue of Zeus fared much better than its creator, at least for 800 years. For centuries, the Statue of Zeus was carefully cared for -- oiled regularly to avoid damage done by the humid temperatures of Olympia. It remained a focal point of the Greek world and oversaw hundreds of Olympic Games that occurred next to it. However, in 393 CE, Christian Emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympic Games. Three rulers later, in the early fifth century CE, Emperor Theodosius II ordered the Statue of Zeus destroyed and it was set on fire. Earthquakes destroyed the rest of it. There have been excavations done in Olympia that have not only revealed the base of the Temple of Zeus, but the workshop of Phidius, including a cup that once belonged to him.

Running Head Personality Preferences - 1189 Words

Running head: PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 1 PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 8 Personality Preferences Margarita Rodriguez Millers College of Nursing Carl Jung Carl Jung whom was born in Kesswil, Switzerland on July 26, 1875 became a famous psychiatrist that founded the school of analytical psychology. Analyzing his introverted and extroverted personality helped him developed the two personality concepts including archetypes and collective unconsciousness. While analyzing the different personalities he began to study integration and wholeness characteristics. His work is well-recognized in psychology, religion, and literature (Cowgil, 1997). Carl Jung was an assistant physician at Burgholzli Psychiaric clinic and eventually received his MD from the University of Zurich. He wrote a thesis titled ?On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena? (Cowgil, 1997). During this work, word association in patients became a concern where he later created the word ?complex?(Cowgil, 1997). All of his work and study ended up relating him to Sigmund Freud between 1907 and 1912. Their differences about sexuality in human life ended up br eaking their relationship especially when Jung wrote a book called ?Psychology and the Unconscious? which contradicted Freud?s ideas (Cowgil, 1997). ?Symbols and Transformations of the Libido? was published in 1912, he wanted to find the meaning of the word unconscious (Cowgil, 1997). Jung wanted to distinguish personal psychology andShow MoreRelatedBeautyism in the Workplace994 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: BEAUTYISM IN THE WORKPLACE Beautyism in the Workplace Answer 1 Beautyism is the tendency to favor and give preference to those individuals who are more attractive (Cash, 1990). In other words, the term beautyism means that preference is given to individuals with attractive personality while unattractive people having same caliber and skills are avoided and ignored. 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The Scopes Trial Was Caused By Political Factors - 1800 Words

Can you imagine not learning how to multiply or divide or anything else that you find necessary to help you succeed in school? Then maybe you can visualize living in the state of Tennessee, where public schools could not teach Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. It all started when the teachers Butler Act was passed, it banned the teaching of the Evolution. Most people were indignant because of how the law favored those who acclaimed the bible. The conviction of John Scopes in the Scopes Trial was caused by political factors like the laws passed and the trial itself, the geographic factors such as the location also known as the Bible Belt and lastly the primary factor is social factors, such as religious beliefs. Politics influenced the†¦show more content†¦The mistake had not been that Scopes was guilty because of the judges’ preference over the prosecution, but it was that Scopes has been over-fined. While many resented the law, the government did not withdraw the law, â€Å"Despite its far-reaching implications, public universities ignored the bill, and the Governor, whom some expected would veto it, signed it into law...He understood it for what it was, a symbolic protest against the undarmining of religion by science,† (The Scopes). This shows that even though many people did not like the law because of its relation to Christianity the like remained. The Governor did not sign the law for the purpose to better the state, but because he did not like the idea of religion and science overlapping. Like the politic factors, geographic location also played a factor in the conviction of John Scopes. The geographic factors such as the location, history and climate influenced the conviction in many ways. The trial’s location had a major effect because the people who live Tennessee and the extensive area are religious. Tennessee, the location where the trial was held was in the Bible Belt, The Bible Belt region stretches from Northern Texas to Western North Carolina. In the Bible Belt region, more conservative Christians live there than other places in the

The Importance Of Business In Australia Commerce Essay Free Essays

Business is the back bone of the Australian economic system ; there are several things that concerns do that are of critical importance to Australia as a state. â€Å" Business supports the development and usage of engineering † by purchasing new equipment which provides companies like: Apple or Mac with gross to pay for employees that research and develop, every bit good as the necessary machinery and equipment to develop modern engineerings. Businesss besides sell the merchandise which allows clients to utilize newer engineering, if shops like Dick Smith ‘s did n’t sell IPods or Iphones clients would n’t be able to obtain those points. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance Of Business In Australia Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å" Businesses besides provide Australians with employment † , without concerns most Australians would n’t do any money, and non be able to supply for their households. â€Å" Businesses besides feed the Australian economic system † through revenue enhancements that they have to pay to the authorities, every bit good as the investings these concerns, a concern creates money which goes around a community but they besides buy and sell merchandises which all support communities. Internal Influence and Impact on Australian Business An internal influence is an influence that is made by the concern itself, they relate to factors within the concern that will impact its operation. All these influences impact in different ways and because they are brought on by the company it means that they may be able to halt the influence if it is damaging to the concern. Each different influence has different impacts and the influences are ; Product, Location, Management, Resource Management, and Business Culture. Merchandise The internal influence of merchandise is the ; existent goods or services produce by a concern or company, these goods or services decide many factors for a concern, if the size of the merchandise is reasonably big so the company will necessitate more infinite to be able to hive away the merchandise therefore increasing the physical size of the concern. The merchandise will reflect the concern, the bigger assortment or scope of merchandises produced the bigger impact the merchandise will do. If the concern buys or produces more than it sells the net income border will diminish, if the merchandise is non suited to the concerns clients the concern will endure. I.e. Harvey Norman bought/produced several thousand computers/laptops ECT. They did n’t sell and so Harvey Norman ‘s net income border decreased. Location Has been said to be the most of import of all internal influences, there is a simple equation â€Å" Prime Location is= Customer Convenience + Visibility. † There are several separate factors of location ; Cost, Visibility, Proximity to clients every bit good as providers and support services. So fundamentally if it ‘s non easy and efficient for clients to travel to a concern that concern will non acquire many clients, location can besides do a concern because if a concern is positioned in a great location i.e. near the ground tackle of a shopping Centre, they would bring forth more clients. Resource Influence There are four chief resources available to concern ; human, employees of a concern, Information, Market research the cognition needed to run the concern, Physical, equipment/machinery/raw stuff and Financial, financess the company uses to pay revenue enhancements or other debts. Without proper resource direction a company would neglect i.e. When Vodafone or the Commonwealth bank faced a machinery bug they lost capital. Management In recent times due to engineering and the current planetary fiscal issues have been â€Å" flattening † this means that the degrees of direction have been reduced, these concern have more control over their concern. There are nevertheless some mistakes for illustration, because there are fewer mangers/employees this means that those directors have more control and if one of these directors make a error it has a greater impact. Business Culture The values, thoughts, beliefs and outlooks of a concern, these can be through governmental policy or merely the general dress-code of the staff. Through concern civilization the manner people work is changed, and if there is a negative civilization this will bring forth workers who are un-satisfied which means failure for the concern . External Influences and Impact on Australian Business The external influences on concern are influences that are either wholly out or are of minimum control of the concern. These impacts are more sever to the concern than internal influences because the concern can non alter the influence they can merely alter the concern itself to accommodate the influence i.e. Taxes. There are many different influences and they all impact the concern in different ways and they are: Economic, Financial Geographic, Social, Legal, Political, Institutional, Technological, Competitive state of affairs, and Markets. Economic The economic sciences of Australia are a cyclical procedure intending that they go through â€Å" Boom † periods, intending a clip where concern proprietors costumiers are confident, which in bend means more purchasing which provenders and grows the economic system and â€Å" Flops † besides known as a recession this is when there is low costumier assurance so there is less money in concerns intending, less employment which slants the growing of the economic system. The economic system has obvious impacts on concern: when there is a roar there is money which develops the concern, and when there is a flop there is no money which mean the concern fails to run into revenue enhancements and debts ect. So the company fails and may prevent. Fiscal Influence The deregulating of the Australian fiscal system has lead to flexibleness within the fiscal sector. It means that there is a wider scope of competition, and concerns no longer necessitate to remain domesticated to their ain communities, this is due to engineering and Globalisation. Geographic Influence This has an tremendous impact on Australian concern, the fact that Australia is located within the Asia-Pacific part every bit good as the economic growing of those states i.e. China. This is a challenge for concerns because there is a stronger competition. And besides provides chances for concerns to develop, every bit good as the nose count along with other population studies which allow for concerns to develop and bring forth goods that are suited for that country, the negative is that concerns have to pass a vast of money to alter, the aging population is an illustration, concerns will hold to accommodate to better suit that population. Social Influences The populace is invariably altering in relation to gustatory sensations, manners and civilization. When a concern can alter to accommodate these gustatory sensations it makes an increased net income but concerns that do n’t alter run the hazard of going predated and lose clients. Legal Influences These are ordinances and policies that the authorities put frontward and they have monolithic impacts on the concern. A concern is expected to stay by all these Torahs and ordinances, but these affect the sum of money a company makes, which in bend affects how good it runs. Political Influences When there are large political alterations concern assurance every bit good as uncertainness may lift or fall, governmental issues affect concerns because they can present revenue enhancements, an illustration would be the debut of the Carbon Tax, which was made in response to unfavorable judgment over Australian policy this will set strive on bigger companies. But they can besides be good for a concern ; an illustration would be deregulating which is the remotion of policies. Institutional Influences There are three chief institutional influences and they are ; authorities, regulative organic structures and other. The authorities introduces ordinances, the organic structures monitor the concern and others affect concerns like authorities. Technological Influence With new engineerings comes a new manner for clients to shop and for concerns to sell, a concern can use assorted engineerings like the cyberspace to air at that place merchandise every bit good as sell their merchandises over the cyberspace which entreaties to newer clients, it besides allows concerns to pass on to their clients quicker. Technology can besides take away from concerns, for case Borders which is a book store, is confronting trouble because clients are now purchasing books off the cyberspace because it is cheaper, this means that Borders will now hold to shut some store and faces a hard hereafter. Competitive Situation Influences Competition between two shops is a general happening ; they can profit the client through cheaper monetary values and better gross revenues every bit good as the concern through the turning client to the concern. Each company fights to go the leader which is called sustainable competitory advantage, the changing scope of rivals determines how the concern will bring forth and sell their merchandise. Changes in Markets Influence Capital can now travel through states, it is now easier for concerns to purchase abroad shares/businesses, this frees up concerns, in bend the concern grows. Despite this growing there is an instability which was made apparent during the GFC ; there is now a monolithic move for the demand of skilled workers, i.e. the addition of demand for mineworkers due to the turning excavation sector. There has besides been monolithic growing in consumer markets, in the value of universe trade this was brought on through engineering which made it easier to pass on. Decision In decision, an external influence is one that is out of the concerns control whilst an internal influence is associating to a concern. They are both negative and positive, because they help the concern to develop and turn the concern every bit good as let the concern to pass on at an international degree, but they can be negative because they take off from Australian economic system every bit good as Australian concerns losing money to international concerns. As in the past and as what will be in the hereafter, internal influences like merchandise, direction resource direction ECT. And external influences like engineering, political influences, geographic ECT. Will ever impact on concern, because the concern will hold to alter to accommodate the issue, if there are technological promotions the concern must alter to accommodate that. If a merchandise is n’t selling they must bring forth a new merchandise that will appeal to clients. How to cite The Importance Of Business In Australia Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Marketing Mix from Islamic Marketing Perspective

Question: The final stage of the marketing audit is for you to evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organisation is performing for your chosen organisation. Referring to the chapters 7-14 of the text, and with the use of secondary research, please provide informed answers to the following questions: 1. Are there any products/services able to benefit from quality, feature and style improvements? If so, how? 2. Are there any new products worth adding? 3. What are the pricing objectives , policies, strategies and procedures? To what extent are prices set on sound cost, demand and competitive criteria. 4. What are the distribution objectives and strategies. How can these be improved? 5. What are the organisations promotional objectives and strategies? Are they sound? 6. How could the promotional budget be improved to get better results? 7. How could the use of the expanded marketing mix, as outlined in chapter 14 be used to improve the performance of the organisation? Answer: Introduction: Starbucks is a Coffee Company and was founded in the year 1971. It opened its first outlet in the Seattle's Pike Place Market. Starbucks was named after first mate within Herman Melville's Moby Dick and is world's principal retailer, roaster as well as brand of the specialty coffee. Having almost 17,000 outlets in 43 nations in the North America, Latin America, Europe, Pacific Rim and the Middle East, and above 172,000 staffs worldwide, Starbucks now is becoming a of respected brand throughout the world (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2015). The firm started like a respected regional roaster as well as retailer of the whole bean plus the ground coffee, yet has expanded into some other locations of the market growth through many years. This study will analyze growth plans and strategies plus positioning plans that also have been utilized to develop Starbucks as a known brand. The proper analysis plus evaluations also are on the basis of knowledge gathered at the time of lectures as well as tutorial sessions and books plus journals and even research databases as well as internet research (Snyder, 2006). 1. Starbucks in Australia: Here in Starbucks coffees are actually grown as well as sold in the Starbucks cafes within few of the similar nations all around the globe. With all its flavorful coffees as well as teas that are made from beans which are also grown frequently locally towards point of the sale, has had all of their hardship within many other nations. Initiating in the Seattle along with merely one outlet, it has even expanded internationally in merely 20 years. Along with the profile attained from the Italian coffee coinsures, as well as modeled after Italian market, the firm is currently a global firm. In merely a few nations this firm has failed towards delivering what rest of world has actually experienced (Allah Pitchay, n.d.). Considering the fact that the firm named Starbucks has actually failed in the Australian market towards delivering a proper and a very superior competitive coffee intended for its users. After trying the coffee at Starbucks, several Australians speedily found that the firm has actually failed to proffer a predominantly unique experience which also was never offered by any other chains otherwise cafs. Provided strong recognized coffee culture as well as discerning the palates of the Australians, core product - coffee also was never seen like particularly dissimilar from, latte otherwise short black through a superior uptown barista (Cole, 2008). In reality every market is different depending on place and culture, city, and even nation. What properly works for one culture might become a failure in the other. This is the reason why Starbucks has failed in the Australia. If the firm really wants to attain success in Australia, and also capture vast market share then they also need to be conventional to rituals of coffee drinkers, and also price range, as well as must try to offer something unique and different and dissimilar to what others provide than standard cup of the Joe which is also served in every other outlets in the market. Merely because the store of Starbucks has ambience which others do never provide, does never mean that the firm can charge extra for the same old goods and service. Using dissimilar products, and also through offering things that is never enormously unfamiliar, as well as allowing friendly atmosphere as always, would also go a very long way towards the success of the firm (Dickinson, 2002). Flavorful and tasty coffees as well as teas, ambiance, plus also friendly service actually are what the firm Starbucks is really all about. For having a business which also exploits local economy through utilizing the localized beans as well as other products; towards supporting the ecological as well as green friendly trade practices, carrying a business silhouette plus staffs from the regional, can also go a very long path towards having proper success in international markets. Starbucks is a very big business ('Everything but the coffee: learning about America from Starbucks', 2010). Thus love for coffee and spending quality time with loved ones take people towards the outlet of the firm. Each and every culture is actually different from each other, and if culture is previously about heavy coffee consuming, then the offering of same forms of the coffees for some higher price merely because of environment and atmosphere; the firm will never be capable of attaining better market sha re and will not be able to go long in the business. Towards preventing the failure for the firms it needs to do a proper research and study the market appropriately. 2. Marketing Mix Product: Product is bundle of advantages which supplier actually offers to purchaser. Meticulous set of the benefits upon offer would also appeal towards specific cluster of the consumers: it also is tremendously unlikely that products would appeal to each and everyone. Even the product like Coca-Cola that is sold throughout the world as well as is worlds most familiar brand name even has merely a minority carve up of soft drinks marketplace. Several people merely dont like it (Frey, 1956). There are several goods and services that Starbucks offers to its customers. People visiting the store fell extra good and contended because of the excellence of the coffee and amazing ecology and atmosphere that the firm offers to all its visitors. Therefore the firm is good at serving something that is best for its users and what makes its customers extra happy and satisfied. Decision that helps the firm to address novel product development procedure like innovation and proper management of the goods and services, licensing plans and strategies along with proper potential partners and also intellectual rights for property, services supplied to augment revenue stream through base products and also product name as well as brand decisions ,growth of the complementary goods by the partners, making of the industry standards and also packaging, as well as so forth, critical requirements is towards development of a proper stream of goods with right cluster of features towards satisfying the customer requirements in very compelling byt easy fashion (Glazer, 1989). In the firm Starbucks they also made merely their products towards satisfying needs of customer, as well as they have even made coffee along with finest coffee components of world. The dissimilar range of the coffee as well as snacks supplied by STARBUCKS also is mentioned below: ESPRESSO- Coffee Latte, Vanilla Latte, Espresso, Cappuccino, Coffee Americano, FAVOURITES OF COFFEE HOUSE - Coffee Mist, Caramel Hot, Classic Chocolate, Signature Chocolate, Freshly Brewed FRAPPUCCINO- Java Chip, Cinnamon Dolce, Espresso, Caramel, Coffee Price: Price is actually the whole cost customers have to pay for the buying product. This therefore goes away from simple monetary price: customers even consider difficulty of buying, cost of the ownership of product, plus even embarrassment element of owing some or other wrong brand. Few products also have psychological association that the customers feel costly. Decisions which also establish the price points intended for Starbucks products, as well as address the issues regarding cost towards producing and also manufacturing good, margins through distribution channel and also competitors prices plus pricing virtual to very specific company market place and also customer value plus the total price of the ownership for customer (Halper, 2006). Starbuckss carries a product prices that are relatively higher as compared to others, as they also target people of the society who also provide preference upon the quantity. Generally price as well as quality recognizes value of product. Starbucks forever has tried to supply high value towards consumers through buying the quality beans and also assuring that all of its staff attain effective and also efficient training, as well as mostly, creating the ecology and environment that would aim towards peoples enjoyment while consuming coffee. For such a plan, Starbuckss clients have to pay extra; it also is expensive (Kalnins Stroock, 2011). To attain competitive edge, firm must start offering something uynique and extra to customers inless price. The firm must try to supply something for general people instead of making the brand known only in higher earning segment. Place: Place is that location where exchange actually takes place and in case of service where the service is in reality supplied. This might be the retail store, a catalogue, and restaurant; otherwise it might also be a proper website. Deciding upon proper place for exchange also is never merely a subject of movie products around yet is rather the strategic issue. Decisions revolve all around making this very easy for the customers to search good as well as make purchase, and even using channels for distribution which would also give appropriate image intended for product (Koenen, 2005). In case of Starbucks its retail stores actually are typically situated within very high-traffic and also in high-visibility areas. Because firm can also vary size as well as format, the stores of the firm are actually located within otherwise near the variety of the settings, comprising of the downtown as well as suburban retail locations, office buildings as well as university campuses. Since the firm sel ectively locates all its stores within the shopping malls, Starbucks also focuses upon locations which also provide expedient access intended for pedestrians as well as drivers. The firm also locates all its retail stores within selected rural as well as off-highway areas towards serving a broader collection of users outside the chief metropolitan markets. Towards providing a better degree of admission and expediency for all the non-pedestrian patrons, firm has continued towards expanding the development of the drive-thru and the on road retail stores (Kotler, 1964). Promotion: Promotion is a large portion of the marketing which is frequently mistaken for whole of the marketing. This promotion also encompasses of all communication actions of the marketing: advertising and public relations, as well as sales promotions and also personal selling, plus so forth. Promotion at the Starbucks is not just a difficult sell rather is also a path of meeting the customers data needs. It is even, to some extent, persuasive within that mainly marketing communication prominence to the good characteristics of properly owning products as well as downplays bad aspects. Starbucks practically spends some 4.7 million each year towards the promotions. This also includes cost of the print media and the electronic media plus the indoor and also outdoor media and many more. The firms latest stunning strategy is Starbucks Card (Kotler, 2006). People buy the re-chargeable and reusable card within UK that can be utilized at the coffee bars within US, Canada and Australia as well as Tha iland. Card would also enhance Starbucks knowledge for the customers permitting them to purchase their every day cup of the coffee quickly as well as easily, even when these people are never carrying the cash. Currently the firm through the agreement amid the Starbucks, as well as T-Mobile the have arouse with the way towards providing the internet access on the Starbucks area plus also high pace broadband intended for Starbucks consumers as well. 3. Products/services capable to benefit from the quality feature plus style improvements: Actually every market also is different and dissimilar depending upon the place as well as culture, city, plus nation. What appropriately works for a particular culture might also become a vast failure in some other culture. This is the cause why the firm Starbucks has actually failed in Australia. The firm can try to provide better product to its customers. Australia is market where people love to consume coffee and thus there are several local well as international players in the market who provide pure coffee to the people in Australia. Starbucks failed in the market because it actually supplied the same coffee in higher price and as there exist many players people were not ready to pay extra for the same coffee (Lilien, 1986). Thus the firm must consider this as a serious fact and a sin for the firm and must try to develop some strategy intended to making of better coffee at lower price this can be done through achieving economies of scale. In the firm Starbucks they also made me rely their products towards satisfying needs of customer, as well as they have even made coffee along with finest coffee components of world. The firm can try to emphasize on this fact and develop more and more on the basis of the same. Novel products worth adding: To be the premium product within coffee trade, the firm must aim on very high standards, and also try to introduce some really innovative and also novel products as well as must attempt to provide excellent and the best service mixed with some unforgettable experience and proper as well as very relaxing ambience. The firms good and product-mix can also get expanded through 8 vital elements of types of drinks as well as 7 food elements like Starbucks web towards keeping up with momentum as well as to gratify extra customer requirements (Lin, 2012). They also need to constantly introduce novel products, like four novels VIA savored coffees and should also try to attract all the tea drinkers through introducing some kind of Tea as well. Through recognizing and identifying the customer specific requirements the firm can attempt to introduce the nonfat milk to the products line which can make the customers feel better and this can also be targeted to children as well. They can also have s ome seasonal offerings like strawberry and cream in summer as well as gingerbread at the time of Christmas. Going somewhat beyond what they offer the Starbucks coffee as well as cappuccino makers intended for customer who also wish to buy them at the Starbucks store. To make sure that the brand richness all besides introducing the best elements as well as quality control, the firm even makes sure that all the staffs of the company are continuously involved as well as well aware about its total mission as well as objectives (Moran Hunt, 2006). 4. Pricing objectives and policies plus strategies as well as procedures: Generally the price as well as quality recognizes value of product. The firm Starbucks must try to deliver very higher value through using the quality beans, and also assuring that all of their staffs attain effective as well as efficient training, plus are mostly, creating the ecology to take pleasure in the coffee. Also for this, the firm Starbuckss and its customer need to pay extra. To maintain the proper competitive edge, the firm also has began to supply $1 bottomless cup of the coffee, that could be refilled several times as well as 50 cents also less than some other Starbucks goods. As Starbucks news site also sates, the firm is even trying to realize some value added services. This is towards targeting price minded customers (Patterson, Scott Uncles, 2010). In Australia, by regional standards, Starbucks also is a proper luxury brand. They also never liked to decrease any of their prices towards the Australian market when they initiated. Coffee also is never grown in the local areas of Australia at some large scale. While comparing the prices to the USA, it also varies amid the products supporting from where materials were actually obtained. The firm pricing objectives are as follows: To aim higher earning segment of the society To supply coffee in a good ambience and better ecology (Richter, 2002) To ensure that customers feel extra satisfied and contended with the coffee To make sure that the customers pay higher price for attainment of the coffee that is prepared from real coffee beans. Distributionobjectives plus strategies: Roasting the whole coffee bean also is very close to the art form of Starbucks. The firm Starbucks presently operates numerous roasting as well as distribution facilities. Roasters also are promoted through within the firm and are also trained for several years, and this is even considered very honor towards being chosen. Coffee is also roasted in very influential gas-fired throb roaster for some 12 to 15 minutes by the time roasters utilize sight, aroma, hearing as well as computers towards judging when the beans are completely done (Shapiro, 1984). It undertakes a properly-run and well established supply chain towards ensuring that the barista pours very good cup for the Starbucks coffee. This is also because journey from the bean towards cup is very complicated one. The coffee as well as other goods must be also sourced through around the whole globe as well as then productively delivers to Starbucks firms 16,700 retail outlets, which also serve about 50 million users in 51 nation s every week. After supply chain operations were rationalized, several departments twisted their concentration to second aim of supply chain alteration: reducing prices as well as improving the efficiencies. As portion of the effort, sourcing group also worked upon identifying cost drivers which were forcing up the prices. 5. What are firms promotional objectives plus strategies: Their vital strategy actually is not towards spending money vastly upon advertising. In the year 2007 merely 16.6 million as compared to the McDonalds which was 727.7 Million were spent. Instead, the firm also used extra cash upon acquiring best spots and locations. Before the opening of any new store, Starbucks even organized some big community advertisements and events which highlighted each and every locations and its personality like the Community service and also Starbucks web. Further all these information were also imprinted upon the mugs and the t-shirts like a pure promotion actions and activities (Sindhwani Ahuja, 2014). They even established some smart partnerships along with the already recognized regional representatives who also would act like a local ambassadors towards promoting their brand and also vote for the firm. They even introduced the Starbucks Cards; that also aimed their valued users and consumers to also promote all of its products. At the time of buying the gift card, customer never only shows the brand loyalty, yet it also supplies free advertising and also attracting novel customers. They even do deliver all of their services towards the offices without the size restrictions such as on the Starbucks web. Also expanding their total product mix, and enhancing their market they even ensure that the firm is properly appealing towards a diverse consumer base. Starbucks even contributes towards the non-profit firms as a path to improve the brand image as well as awareness in the local communities and societies (Srivastava, n.d.). 6. Ways to improve promotional budget towards attaining better results: For revitalizing the total brand image as well as reputation, the firm Starbucks must properly implement many measures which would help the firm to attain better market share and thereby gain most profit. Firstly, the firm could franchise few of its stores for making the operations easy and smooth going. Franchising the shifts will decrease the financial risk through corporation towards an individual (Welsh, Raven Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mutair, 1998). Thus a benefit of the Starbucks franchising will also be about opening hundreds of novel stores along with lower risk to firm, and also making profits while doing so. Additionally Starbucks also would have lower research as well as development and growth costs as the franchisee will also have some greater knowledge and experience of local or the regional market regarding the demographics and psychographics, geographic, as well as local pr even state otherwise country rules and regulations. The vast disadvantages of the franchising can be tha t Starbucks will have to give up some amount of the control and management over store, and way it actually operates. 7. Expanded marketing mix for improving performance of firm Source: (Zhang, 2011) The product, place, price and promotion are already described. Others are mentioned below: Process- The firm can enhance its process through using all novel technologies and speed up the service time and also increase the pace of consuming coffee by the customers visiting the store. People- The firm can try to target new customer group like children through supplying some new customized products for them and attracting them by new strategies (Wu Liu, 2014). Physical layout- The firm can be made more relaxing and people can be supplied with good coffee with lower price. Merely charging high price for good ambience has proved to be a sin for the firm. Thus Starbucks must try to develop new locations and better ambience at lower price so that the ultimate cost of final product can be lowered down (Younkins, n.d.). Conclusion: Starbucks actually operates within a total business ecology which needs excellent and very good brand identity as well as reputation towards creation of the trust along with all its interior and exterior stakeholders. Such a reputation also has been forever built by firm over years via its stipulation of 'Starbucks Experience'. The firm is not a success in the Australian market and thus needs to revise its marketing mix and also develop a proper extended marketing mix for itself through which it becomes capable of serving better market and attain proper market share. for the firm to stay on the top, needs to properly maintain all its innovative and efficient skills as well as continue offering and supplying new distinguished products and services and also, invest within its partners as well as in all its ethical morals and values towards improvement of the environment and ambience in the outlets and make it more comfortable for the users and visitors which would at last ensure extra rush in the outlet and better profit of the firm. References: Allah Pitchay, A. Marketing Mix from Islamic Marketing Perspective. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2017488 Cole, G. (2008). Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock20081Karen Blumenthal. Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock . Loughton: Piatkus 2007. Management Decision, 46(4), 673-675. doi:10.1108/00251740810865120 Dickinson, G. (2002). Joe's rhetoric: Finding authenticity at starbucks. Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 32(4), 5-27. doi:10.1080/02773940209391238 Everything but the coffee: learning about America from Starbucks. (2010). Choice Reviews Online, 47(08), 47-4511-47-4511. doi:10.5860/choice.47-4511 Frey, A. (1956). The effective marketing mix. [Hanover, N.H.]: Amos Tuck School of Business Administration. Glazer, R. (1989). Marketing and the changing information environment. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute. Halper, A. (2006). Starbucks Wars: Chinese Courts Say No Hitch-Hiking Allowed . The China Quarterly, 188(01), 1155. doi:10.1017/s0305741006000725 Kalnins, A., Stroock, L. (2011). Pouring Israel into a Starbucks Cup. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52(2), 135-143. doi:10.1177/1938965510395015 Koenen, J. (2005). A Starbucks State of Mind. Fourth Genre: Explorations In Nonfiction, 7(1), 139-142. doi:10.1353/fge.2005.0015 Kotler, P. (1964). Marketing Mix Decisions for New Products. Journal Of Marketing Research, 1(1), 43. doi:10.2307/3150319 Kotler, P. (2006). Marketing. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia. Lilien, G. (1986). Marketing mix analysis with Lotus 1-2-3. Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press. Lin, E. (2012). Starbucks as the Third Place: Glimpses into Taiwan's Consumer Culture and Lifestyles. Journal Of International Consumer Marketing, 24(1-2), 119-128. doi:10.1080/08961530.2012.650142 Moran, M., Hunt, B. (2006). Search engine marketing, Inc.. Upper Saddle River, NJ: IBM Press. Patterson, P., Scott, J., Uncles, M. (2010). How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 18(1), 41-47. doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2009.10.001 Richter, T. (2002). Marketing mix standardisation in international marketing. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Shapiro, B. (1984). The marketing mix. Boston, Mass.: Distributed by the Pub. Division, Harvard Business School. Sindhwani, P., Ahuja, V. (2014). A Study of Online Co-Creation Strategies of Starbucks Using Netnography. International Journal Of Online Marketing, 4(1), 39-51. doi:10.4018/ijom.2014010104 Snyder, M. (2006). State of the Profession: The Starbucks Effect. Academe, 92(1), 70. doi:10.2307/40252902 Srivastava, R. Shift of Marketing Mix to E-Marketing Mix: The Birth to New Era. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1992936 Starbucks Coffee Company,. (2015). Starbucks Coffee Company. Retrieved 7 February 2015, from https://www.starbucks.in/ Welsh, D., Raven, P., Al Mutair, N. (1998). Starbucks International enters Kuwait. Journal Of Consumer Marketing, 15(2), 191-197. doi:10.1108/07363769810210386 Wu, C., Liu, Y. (2014). Space Design in Starbucks from the Perspective of Behavioral Psychology. AMM, 638-640, 2298-2303. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2298 Younkins, A. Starbucks Case Tips the Scales: Changing California Law to Allow Supervisory Employees Their Fair Share of the Tips. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1415002 Zhang, X. (2011). Communicating Coffee Culture through the Big Screen: Starbucks in American Movies. Comparative American Studies, 9(1), 68-84. doi:10.1179/147757011x12983070064953

Identifying Organizational Change Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Identifying Change Organizational Management? Answer: Introduction: In the twenty first century, aged care service sector has been undergoing a significant change in Australia. The transformational motif of the aged care sector has been taking into order the impressive understanding of technological intervention and change management in human resource department so as to provide better service to the aged population in the country. According to Frankland et al., the change management in an organization is an integrated system that has been taking into order the basic requirement of how these changes are occurred and addressed through the amalgamation of different conceptual understandings. The scholars have also stated that an integrated system in order to manage changes in regulatory and non-regulatory needs for business or non-business activities associated with industrial and/ or commercial facility is highly essential (Bernoth et.al, 2014). It can thus be stated that this is a controlled identification and implementation of changes within a syste m. In this regard it can thus be stated that in most of the cases there has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding that these activities are highly commercialized through effective acceptance of the changes(Khosravi, 2016). Models Used The following essay is going to focus on the effective change management system that has been brought in to effect in the Aged Care Service Sectors in Australia.The essay is thus purposed to the analysis of the change management brought into effect during the operational performance within the social aspect. The analysis is based on different analytical tools and change management models- namely Lewins Change Model and Kotters 8-steps model of change management. The aforementioned models are quite apt and helpful for the intelligibility of an individual pertaining to effective change management system in the country (Barsade, 2014). It begins with the workforce change management strategy where the social intervention is considered to be an effective determinant of the change. In an aged care sector, workforce plays an important role that is highly effective for the entire case for its different change management approaches. In this case, a guideline of change by the Government of Australia has been effectively helpful for the practitioners and the organizations so that they can provide better service to the aged people. According to the guidelines provided and directed by the Australian Government, major focus has been put upon the change in the workforce or the human resource management. Since effective, responsible, skillful and competent workforce is highly impactful for the betterment in service provision to the majority of the aged population in the country, this has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the fact that in most of the cases, effective measures need to be taken. Change managemen t in the workforce is not a major strategy played only in the aged care sector but it is also planned in the related sectors such as the disability sectors and others. According to the report published by the Productivity Commission of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), change management pertaining to the workforce in a country is highly effective important to excel the quality of service provision to the countrymen (ndis.gov.au., 2017). Problems Identified in Aged Care It has been observed that the aged care reforms and changes are being gradually implemented in three phases_ 2012-13 and 2013-14 2014-15 and 2015-16 2016-17 and 2021-22 The problems have been identified with close observation of the workplace environment. Following problems have been identified: The workers are detached from the work they are deployed to do There is a lack in multidimensional skill of the workers The new technologies are scarcely accepted and utilized by the employees There is a communication gap between the service providers and the patients Outline of the Change In the very first phase different packages and supplements have been introduced. Following is the outline of the changes that were introduced in the first phase of aged care reform: New Home care packages Introduction of My Aged Care through which national contact centre was built so that the service can be conveyed to the greater number of the clients Establishment of the Australian Aged Care Quality Agency Launching of the Aged Care Pricing Commission Approach for Managing Change Taking the aforementioned guidelines into consideration, some effective change management strategies are to be taken into account. Following is the outline of the identification of the setbacks that would lead to the proposed changes: Bringing sustainability and affordability within the workforce is the major plan that has been taken into certain consideration for effective understanding of the process. In the current organization, it has been noted that the behavioral issues among the employees have been threatening the quality of service provision in the aged care system. One of the most effective measures taken during the change process has been the consideration of the need of the employees in every level. There are different layers of working staffs who contribute effectively in different services within the organizations. The layer is as follows: Nurses Care Takers Psychologists Food Service staff Cleaning Staff Medical Caretakers It has been observed through market study that CDC (community direct care) is significantly increasing in community aged care. Hence, the level of proficiency among the service providers needs to be conveyed to the upper grade. As Lewin in his very first stage i.e. Unfreeze, discussed about the identification of the changes in the basic concept of how the changes are brought into effect. (Mitchell, 2013).Through the monitoring and responding to the psycho-social approach of the aged residents taking service in the organizations, the people would finely focus on the overall service provision to the ageing population). Another change that, I believe is highly needed in the organization is the process to smartly cope up with the ever changing aged care policies in the country. It has been noticed that in most of the cases there has been a clear policy pertaining the standards of service provision. However, faster evolution of this sector would actually create a problem for the aged people who are entitled to receive service from the organization. In the unfreeze stage, it has been identified that recent leave cut policies by the government in the aged care sector has created disappointment among the employees working with the organization. In this regard, there rose lethargy and unwillingness to work. However, the organization has planned to revise the leave policy for the working members that would simultaneously looks after continuous service provision and free life style for the working members. This would be discussed in Lewins second stage of Change Model. One of the major problems that have been identified during the unfreezing stage is the lack of skilled workers in the aged care sector. In this regard it can be stated that in most of the case there has been a critical concept for the training and development program initiated for the overall development of the employees. According to ACSA (Aged and Community Service Australia), by 2023 the sector needs additional 55,770 FTEs (Full Time Equivalent) care workers(Acsa.asn.au., 2017). This has been a major issue that has been hindering the process of quality service provision in the country. The reason behind such lack is the government policies that have been disappointing the workers to take active part in this career. Key Elements of Change Process In order to understand the punctuated equilibrium, it has been identified that the organization has been undergoing slow stream of changes that are small in capacity. Changes are based on the capacity that the organization has. At present, the organization comprises of small numbers of workers who are deployed at multiple tasks. In this context, it can be stated that there are multiple problems faced by the workers. One of the major problems is that they are not equally competent to perform all the works. Some are expert in nursing, some are in housekeeping and others are in documenting. Due to lack of multi-skilled workers, the problem arises. In order to discuss the changes, Gersicks equilibrium period is taken into account (Gersick, 1991). Through the cognitive framework, the organizational members would be driven through shared development process (Todnem By, 2005). This can only be done through motivation. In order to motivate the workers and to raise the confidence level, the f ear of loss needs to be eradicated. The limit of change needs to be considered as obligation to the organization. Through self-organizing and continuous change in the learning process of the workers, the overall development of the competency level needs to be ensured. In order to change the workforce attitude to the service they are deployed to provide to the numbers of the patients and the aged people, a solid training would be provided to them. The training program would focus on the continuous adaptation of the change management as the workers ought to accept certain changes (Khosravi et.al,2016). According to Kotter there are eight key elements of change process that need to be identified while thinking about change. Change is undoubtedly a part of organizational improvement. Considering the effect of social change, the organizational change model is structured. Hegemony of relevant practices that hinders the overall development of the organization ought to be revamped by new id eas. In order to bring effective changes into existence, three important elements are to be devised. These are: Vision Method Will All these elements can be incorporated and devised on the basis of three stages of change management diagnosis. These are: Desired performance Actual performance Performance Gap In this regard, the organization would try to calculate the gap between the actual performance and desired performance. If it is found that the actual performance rate is weaker than that of the desired performance, there is a need for bringing the change. The desired performance can be carried out through performance motivation, skill development program and motivation to let the employees participate in different programs. The outcome of those key elements would be the followings: Productivity Gains Employee satisfaction Quality Improvement Approaches Used for Change The aforementioned proposed changes are framed within the second stage of Lewins change model i.e. Change or Move. After the identification of the issues, these changes are expected to incur for the sake of organizational development. This has to be done through the basic process. The changes can only be performed through the confirmation of Kotters change model of 8-Steps. Followings are the 8-step method of Kotter: Establishment of the sense of urgency Guiding Coalition Creation of Organizational Vision Planning and Creation of short term wins Institutionalization of new approaches Empowerment of the vision Consolidation of improvement Communication of vision(Kotter, 2002) All the aforementioned stages are to be used while introducing and implementing the changes in the organization. These changes are highly effective in terms of ensuring the workforce engagement in the organization. It needs to be noted that policies within the organizations that consolidate the changes are gradual instead of being sudden. In order to make the workers cope up with the changes, a solid strategic planning needs to be developed. In this context, it can be stated that the changes are highly comprehensive and the workers would at first be introduced with the changes(Cameron Green, 2015). Incorporation of Learning On the other side of the change that has been introduced in the aged care sector in the country, At first, there would be short induction program that would address the changes proposed within the organization. In this case the changes would be based on workforce training, technological intervention and training related to the acceptance of the technological changes; the conceptual development of the program that is highly effective in the understanding of the need for the organization. Through effective leadership method these changes are going to be accepted through the basic understanding of the process. The changes are highly significant for the overall development and growth of the organization. With the utilization and use of blocks the changes are to be driven to implementation that would bring success. These are the followings: Fear of Taking risk Ambiguity and the incapacity to the tolerance of such Judgment over ideas Incapacity to sleep on a problem and so on. For the change in the organization, an effective leadership would play an important role. If the leadership is transformational, it would reflect the significance and need of the change. Transformational leadership would focus into the resistance from the employees. Since the resistance of the change would hinder the organizational development, the leadership criteria of the managers and the directors would bring all the staffs under a single shed so that they would focus on instant acceptance of the change models. Transformational leadership would thus motivate the workers to accept the changes in need through a gradual process. In case of this specific organization, the changes- specifically on the intervention of new technologies would be induced to the staffs from the very basic level so that the behavioral understanding is well amalgamated with the organizational need. In this context, it can be stated that the changes are highly effective for the better understanding of the iss ues where the change is aptly needed. In order to lead the nurses to reach to the individual patients, an effective manager is needed who would ensure gradual improvement of the competency of them(Lozano, Ceulemans, Seatter, 2015) Conclusion: It can thus be stated that the change would be driven through the effective consideration of leadership quality and the acceptance among the workers. Thus to conclude, it can be said that the change in healthcare service for the elderly population was inevitable and it must be taken into consideration that, for the betterment of the healthcare service for the aged people certain changes in the whole system was much needed. In this essay it is seen using the Kotters 8 steps theory and Lewins change model how, with effective leadership management, an organization can improve their productivity and in general the health condition of the aged population of Australia gets benefitted. It is matters of fact that, there are some instances where some elderly people of Australia do not get the proper medical support they deserve. Quite astonishingly in Australia, there are many learned doctors and nurses, but still they are unable to provide service to all the aged people of the land. It has b een shown that using a strong leadership management the medical organizations can expect a lot more productivity and ability to serve more people that are aged in the land of Australia. Thus, in short, it can be said that, an introduction of leadership management in the medical sector for the aged population of the nation would definitely increase the quality of the healthcare service provided to the aged population. References Acsa.asn.au. (2017). Acsa.asn.au. Retrieved from Acsa.asn.au.: https://www.acsa.asn.au/ Barsade, S. G. (2014). Whats love got to do with it? A longitudinal study of the culture of companionate love and employee and client outcomes in a long-term care setting. Administrative Science Quarterly, 551-598. Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., Burmeister, O. K., Schwartz, M. (2014). Information management in aged care: cases of confidentiality and elder abuse. Journal of Business Ethics, 453-460. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Elliott, K. E., Barnett, K., Robinson, A. (2016). Teaching and Research Aged Care Services in Australia: Wicking Teaching Aged Care Facilities Program. In IPA International Psychogeriatric Association International Congres. Gersick, C. J. (1991). Revolutionary change theories: A multilevel exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm. Academy of management review. Khosravi, P. (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of technologies applied to assist seniors: A systematic literature review. International journal of medical informatics, 17-26. Khosravi, P., Ghapanchi, A. H. (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of technologies applied to assist seniors: A systematic literature review. International journal of medical informatics, 17-26. Kotter, J. P. (2002). The heart of change. If you read nothing else on change, read thesebest-selling articles. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Seatter, C. S. (2015). Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents. Journal of Cleaner Production, 205-215. Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change: Improving the workplace requires staff to be involved and innovations to be maintained. Gary Mitchell discusses the theories that can help achieve this. Nursing Management, 32-37. ndis.gov.au. (2017). CHANGE MANAGEMENT DISABILITY CARE. Retrieved from ndis.gov.au.: https://www.ndis.gov.au/html/sites/default/files/documents/TLConsult_ChangeManagementReport_april2013.pdf Todnem By, R. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of change management, 369-380.

Walker In Everyday Use Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Walker In Everyday Use Essay, Research Paper Lost Heritage in Alice Walker # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Everyday Use # 8221 ; By contrasting the household characters in # 8220 ; Everyday Use, # 8221 ; Walker illustrates the error by some of puting the significance of heritage entirely in material objects. Walker nowadayss Mama and Maggie, the younger girl, as an illustration that heritage in both cognition and signifier base on ballss from one coevals to another through a acquisition and experience connexion. However, by a broken connexion, Dee, the older girl, represents a misconception of heritage as stuff. During Dee # 8217 ; s visit to Mama and Maggie, the contrast of the characters becomes a struggle because Dee misplaces the significance of heritage in her desire for racial heritage. Mama and Maggie symbolize the connexion between coevalss and the heritage that passed between them. Mama and Maggie continue to populate together in their low place. Mama is a robust adult female who does the needful care of the land, I am a big, big-boned adult female with unsmooth, man-working custodies. In the winter, I wear overalls during the twenty-four hours. I can kill and clean a pig every bit pitilessly as a adult male. I can work outside all twenty-four hours, One winter I knocked a bull calf heterosexual in the encephalon with a sleigh cock and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall. ( Walker 289 ) And Maggie is the girl, # 8220 ; homely and ashamed of the burn cicatrixs down her weaponries and legs, # 8221 ; ( Walker 288 ) who helps Mama by doing # 8220 ; the pace so clean and wavy # 8221 ; ( Walker 288 ) and washes dishes # 8220 ; in the kitchen over the dishpan # 8221 ; ( Walker 293 ) . Neither Mama nor Maggie are # 8216 ; modernly # 8217 ; educated individuals ; # 8220 ; I [ Mama ] neer had an instruction myself. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly She knows she is non bright # 8221 ; ( Walker 290 ) . However, by assisting Mama, Maggie uses the hand-made points in her life, experiences the life of her ascendants, and learns the history of both, exemplified by Maggie # 8217 ; s cognition of the hand- made points and the people who made them # 8211 ; a cognition which Dee does non possess. Contrasting with Mama and Maggie, Dee seeks her heritage without understanding the heritage itself. Unlike Mama who is unsmooth and man-like, and Maggie who is diffident and frightened, Dee is confident, where # 8220 ; Hesitation is no portion of her nature, # 8221 ; ( Walker 289 ) and beautiful: # 8221 ; first glance of leg out of the auto tells me it is Dee. Her pess were ever neat-looking, as if God had shaped Thursday em Dee following. A frock down to the land Earrings gold, excessively ( Walker 291 ) Besides, Dee has a # 8216 ; modern # 8217 ; instruction, holding been sent # 8220 ; to a school in Augusta # 8221 ; ( Walker 290 ) . Dee attempts to link with her racial heritage by taking # 8220 ; image after image of me sitting at that place in forepart of the house with Maggie She neer takes a shooting without doing certain the house is included # 8221 ; ( Walker 291 ) . Dee takes an another name without understanding her original name ; neither does Dee seek to larn. Besides, Dee takes some of the hand-made points of her female parent # 8217 ; s such as the churn top which she will utilize # 8220 ; as a centrepiece for the bay tabular array # 8221 ; ( Walker 293 ) . Dee associates the points with her heritage now, but thought nil of them in her young person as when the first house burnt down. Dee # 8217 ; s pursuit of her heritage is external, wishing to hold these assorted points in order to expose them in her place. Dee wants the points because she perceives each to hold value, as shown in the duologue between Dee and Mama about the comforters after dinner. Dee # 8217 ; s valuing of the quilt struggles with Mama # 8217 ; s perceptual experience of the comforters. Dee considers the comforter priceless because the comforter is hand-stitched, non machined, by stating, # 8220 ; There are all pieces of frocks Grandma used to have on. She did all this sewing by manus. Imagine! # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) . Dee plans to expose the comforters or # 8220 ; Hang them, # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) unlike Maggie who may # 8220 ; put them to everyday use # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) . However, Mama # 8220 ; promised to give them comforters to Maggie, for when she marries # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) . Mama knows there exists a connexion of heritage in Maggie ; Mama knows that # 8220 ; It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught [ Maggie ] how to quilt # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) . Because of Maggie # 8217 ; s connexion, Mama takes the comforters from Dee who # 8220 ; held the comforters firmly in her weaponries, stroking them seizing them closely to her bosom # 8221 ; ( Walker 294 ) like sacred graven images, and so gives them to Maggie. After Mama gives Maggie the comforters, Dee says, # 8220 ; You merely Don # 8217 ; t understand Your heritage # 8221 ; ( Walker 295 ) . Dee believes heritage to be the comforter on the wall or the churn in the bay. Dee knows the points are hand-made but non the cognition and history behind the points. Yet, Mama does cognize the cognition and history and knows that Maggie does excessively. Ironically, Dee criticizes Mama for non understanding heritage when, in fact, Dee fails to truly understand heritage. Dee erroneously topographic points heritage entirely in what she owns, non what she knows.

Updated PC Industry Essay Example

Updated PC Industry Paper Since the emergence of PCs primarily as desktops in the ass and ass, the industry has seen reduce expansion innovation, in the form of laptops, notebooks, and net books. Growth was increased by lowered prices and expanding technology and the industry roared through the early sass. 2010 saw the arrival of the pad which gained significant ground for tablets which actually have been In the PC market since the ass. In 2011 came another category of laptops called ultra books which were ultra- thin, lightweight, and high-performance. It has yet to be seen how the market will shift again In coming years based on new Innovations as well as substitutes Like marathoner. So just how competitive has the PC industry been globally over the years? The total shipments (in millions) by PC manufactures from 2000 to 2011 have increased greatly. In 2000, we saw total shipments of PCs increase from 128. MM to 352. MM in 2011. That is a 174. 2% growth over that time span. Worldwide PC revenue has increased in that same period from $251 billion in 2000 to $329 billion in 2011. With the PC industry expected to grow as new innovations and products come along, the 201 5 estimate in global revenue for the industry is around $383 billion. On the reface, these numbers look very attractive and appealing to potential competitors. But, Its Important to take In account the costs the industry Incur and how revenue and volume growth have slowed down. The PC Industry Is very price competitive. Firms and manufactures are looking for ways to lower prices and lower costs while increasing volume growth. The industry has a very low average profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on Updated PC Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Updated PC Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Updated PC Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By 2011, the average PC manufactures net profit margin was 5%. For example, in 2009 Hips PC business was the lowest operating business segment in the entire company. Selling at an average price of $1323. 0 per Mac, Apple gained a profit of $370. 55 for every Mac sold. Compare that to the average selling price per PC for HP of $650 with a gained profit of only $52. Even though HP sold 5 times as many PC units as Apple in IQ of 2009, Apples price discipline proved to be superior to that of HP which has led to Apple becoming one of the most valued companies. The PC industry is very competitive and cutthroat. In Just the 21st century alone we have seen the market share leader change four times. Compact led the sass market until HP acquired the company In short time after. HP led the market share In 2002 at 16%. A back and forth fight occurred over the next couple of years between HP and Dell eventually leaving HP as king of the Hill. That is of course until the most recent years have seen ten reels AT Leno. I en essences Dates company NAS a 1 % market snare as AT 2 slightly better than HP. Dell and Acre account for the other two top PC vendors as these four companies combined to make up 53. % of the worldwide shipments in 2011. China became one of the largest and fastest growing PC markets in the world. The fact that Leno has a 35% share in this market can explain its increasing presence in the world market. The Leno market share leadership doesnt come as a surprise when one looks at the statistics for PCs in-use for the main regions of the world. The sass showed North America with a slig ht lead in units of PCs in-use with just fewer than 200 million. That quickly changed in 2008 through 2011 as Asia-Pacific became the outright leader in PC units. Estimations have the Asian Pacific region to use more than 800 million units by 2015. That is more than twice the next leading region. How attractive is the PC industry? Early Years An analysis of the PC industry requires the use of Michael Porters Five Forces model o help understand the profit potential of the PC industry and how firms can position themselves to gain and sustain competitive advantage. The rule of thumb is that that stronger the forces, the lower the industrys profit potential. This makes this industry less attractive. Lets take a look at the PC industrys early years related to the first force, Threat of Entry. Threat of Entry In the early years of the PC Industry, IBM was the dominant force. The threat of entry was low at this time. But, as the combination of Windows SO and the Intel microprocessor became the standard (Winter), the threat of entry increased attracted. Vims system was relatively open and easy for producers to copy. This was seen when the thousands of manufactures built their own PCs. Capital requirements to enter were low because of the standard model. Michael Dell formed Dell in the early ass out of his dorm room. The products were also not differentiated. There were relatively little exits barriers as well. In the early years when a company wasnt profitable, it had no problem dropping out of the market as seen with the thousands of manufactures funneling only to a handful. Finally, no dominate brands or players were established yet. IBM PC like clones controlled most of the market share in the ass. For these reasons there was a moderate threat of entry. The Power of Buyers The power of the buyer in early years was moderate to high. The sass brought more knowledgeable PC consumers including individual and group buyers. One of the main buyers are corporate buyers, or buyers buying for large companies. These consumers were very price sensitive meaning they were usually looking for good deals and the lowest price. These types of buyers plus large businesses, governments, and schools buy computers in large volumes which gave them a lot of rower to Darnel on prices. Selecting costs Ana Drain loyalty to Tells Like Apple were in the early stages of being established. Also direct sale to consumer from manufactures and the white box channel became popular and increased the power or the buyer. The Power of Suppliers Suppliers to the PC industry were either those that made products with many sources or those that made products with few sources. The latter type of suppliers, producers of microprocessors and operating systems, had a high bargaining power. The two chief firms that produced these products were Intel and Microsoft, especially. Intel commanded almost 80% of the PC CPU market share. In the early years, they had a lot to say on setting prices, costs, etc. Even with emerging competitors, Intel has remained the market leader in microprocessors with a recognizable brand, economies of scale, and state of the art technology. Like Intel, Microsoft has dominated the SO market. About 85-90% of all PCs ran on some version of Windows in the late 20th century. Both Intel and Microsofts dominating presence in the early years started with MOM, but quickly shifted to the Winter era of the ass. With thousands of manufactures using these two companies mainly, its easy to see why the bargaining power of these two suppliers is so high. Substitutes were few and their product was important to the input of the buyers product. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes in the PC industry during the early years was relatively low. PCs as desktops were innovative and monumental for their time. There was nothing else quite like it. The demand for the Internet, lower prices for products, and expanding capabilities for PCs all supported the fact that threats of substitutes for he PC industry was low. With this technology and innovation being relatively new, it isnt often that substitutes start being produced in the early years. Its when the market is in the mature stage that substitutes become popular. This is seen with Smartness and other SEC today. Though, the PC industry did adapt to changes by creating new products themselves such as the emergence of laptops. Rivalry Among Competing Firms With almost every industry comes intense and cutthroat competition. Especially in the early years, companies are Jockeying for strategic position and competition advantage. From the thousands of manufactures using the cloned IBM PC emerged a select few firms who went on to be the market leaders that found a winning formula. As we will see later though, that formula may not always be profitable in the long- run. The competition is cutthroat because of the slow growth, lowering of prices, and innovation of products from certain firms. Its the competition of price that especially makes the competition in this industry so intense. PC Analysis In ten Later stages As time went on, the industry seemed to be slowing down a little bit. The decade starting in the early sasss saw a slowing volume growth, which was followed by a slowing revenue growth. As mentioned in the case, the average selling prices (ASP) of the PCs declined by a compound annual rate of 8-10% per year from the early sasss through 2005 (page 5). Most of the companies in the industry had to reduce costs in other places, most of them turning to reduced R funding to combat the tougher times. To move further in the industries age, the ASP for the PC dropped 25% in a 3- year span from 2008-2009. Http:,/. NP. N. R. N. Satanist. Mom/chart/1766/global- PC- mind gusty-continues-downward rd-trend/ This downturn forced companies to start looking outside of the box for new and improved products that would drive revenues up and get consumers once again excited for portable computers. Right around the time of the economic downturn in 2009, lightweight mini notebooks were made. They made a huge first impression, as more than 40 million notebooks sold in 2009(peg. 5). However, these notebooks didnt lead the market for too long, as in 2010 the pad was released and dramatically reduced the sale of the mini notebooks. Threats of Outside Competition During the later stages of the PC industry, the outside competition has decreased dramatically. Many of the smaller companies that were trying to succeed in the early days realized they wouldnt be able to cut it, and that is why now you only have your handful of companies that are still on top of the industry. Leno, Dell, HP, and Acre accounted for over 50% of the shipments in 2011, showing that most of the market space Is already occupied Dye ten Log cogs. Apple only NAS roughly AT ten market shares as a PC manufacturer in 2011, showing how difficult in can be. Threat of Substitutes There are many threats that have popped up when looking in the later stages of the industry. Instead of only having online capabilities on a PC,you can now browse the web on your phone, Pad, or even small gaming systems. Anything can be used to search the web, therefore making for the number of substitutes to rise. If the price of one PC is too high for a consumer, there are multiple ways of which he can accomplish what he needs. Whether you need to take notes for a class or stream a movie, almost any smart device in todays world will have the capabilities. There is definitely a rivalry between the big PC producing firms. In this cutthroat environment, everyone is trying to come out with the magic formula that will increase efficiency, lower costs, and ultimately produce a better product for the consumer. The follow the leader system seems to be in place, as companies routinely copy the past successes and try to make small adjustments to make their product rare and hard to imitate. The Power of The Buyer The buyer continues to have much power when it comes to the PC industry. Consumers know what they want as well as what price they are willing to pay. As reviewed in the substitute part, consumers can find what they need almost nowhere, so in order for a company to be profitable in this industry, it must come out with innovative items at a reasonable price that consumers feel is fair. The competitive advantages that companies create verses others are the reasons as to those companies that succeed rather than fail. Firms Profitability in the PC Industry As seen in exhibit 5 below, the main operating measures seem to be varied between the different companies. Apples gross margins have increased from 21% to 41% during the period between 1997 and 2011. However, Dell and Hips gross margins have decreased during that same time. As apple grows, the other competitors seem to be falling behind. We believe this is because of the innovation that Apple has compared to the rest of the industry. The new ideas partnered with the following of the company allow for a great combination. The PC profits grow with apple because of the brand name along Walt ten complicatedly AT ten PC Witt toner apple evolves Tanat consumers nave. Example, everything that you do on you Apple PC can be synced with you phone. Apples Other Industries MPH Players In 2001, Apple had entered the MPH market by introducing the pod as part of their haft towards a digital hub strategy. The introduction of the pod set Apple on its explosive progression in the growth of the company. The pod separated itself from other MPH players due to its sleek and simple design and large storage. The first pod has the ability to store up to 1 ,OHO songs in your pocket while the competitors products only stored about an hour of music. The next year Apple introduced the second-generation pod which had an increased storage that could hold up to 4,000 songs. Over the next several years, Apple continued to introduce new designs and products to their pod family. By partnering their innovating pod products with their exclusive tunes library and App store they have been apple to control more than 70% of the U. S. MPH market. The market for Amps is a much more attractive market compared to the PC market due to the PCs cutthroat competition. Within the PC market, Apple is in competition with four large competitors which accounted for almost 54% of shipments worldwide. These four PC vendors are Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Leno, and Acre. They all have well-established positions in the market. When Apple entered the MPH market, no competitor had strong hold. Apple was able to preferential themselves with innovative products and strategies. By producing pod accessories, pod was able to sell $1 dollar in add-on products for every $3 dollars spent on an pod. Another feature that helped Apple emerge itself to the top of the MPH market was the compatibility with Windows along with its own ISO software. This compatibility helped launch the tunes Music Store which has over 10 billion songs sold as of 2010; completely changing the way music is purchased. Although the MPH market is not as competitive as the PC market, we see less total gross sales per year as other technology materializes. Smart Phone Along with entering the MPH market, Apple had entered the smart phone market in 2007 by launching the first phone. The industry for mobile phones at the time were dominated by short life cycle products with sophisticated technology that Apple had not experienced. Although the outlook to enter the mobile phone market seemed risky, Apple was able to revolutionize the entire phone market with a differentiated product. Steve Jobs was quoted saying in January of 2007 Every once in a while a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. Today, were introducing three revolutionary products of this class. The first one is a widespread pod with touch controls. The second is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a breakthrough Internet communications device. These are not three separate devices, this is one device, and we are calling it phone. In over five quarters, the original phone had over 6 million units sold with their exclusive network operator, AT. Apple would continue to develop and introduce new versions of their phone, along with changing agreements with network operators so that the phone could expand its market capacity. Four years after the first phone was launched, the reduce attributed to 44% of Apples total revenue. Parallel to the PC industry, competitors quickly gaunt on to ten revolutionary trends AT smart phones Ana software systems. Manufacturers such as Samsung, LEG, Motorola, and ETC all created their own operating systems and designed their own hardware giving them the opportunity to be considered by consumers. In 2012, the greatest threat to the Apple in the smart phone industry was developed by Google. This threat has become known as the Android platform, a platform that is open and free for other manufacturers to use. This gave Apple competitors a chance to compete with the Apples differentiated App Store. Manufacturers, such as ETC and Samsung, were able to develop phones that were very competitive and in some aspects superior to the phone all while using the Android platform. Http://commons. Wakefield. Org/wick/File:World-Wide-Smartened-Market-Share. Pang Above is a chart showing the trends of operating system market share worldwide from 2007 to 2011. In 2007, we can see the ISO market share start to increase as the phone was introduced. Recent trends have shown that the Android operating system is increasing in market share each year since Google has developed the platform. In Quarter 3 of 2011, the android platform has climbed to roughly 53% of the market. This is due the capabilities of open and free platform able to collaborate with smart phones manufactured by Apples competitors. Over the years, the intense competition within the smartened industry has led to lawsuits based on design and intellectual properties. Steve Jobs has become one of the most aggressive Coos in terms of legal action. He is quoted in saying l will spend every penny of Apples $40 billion in the bank, to right this wrong. Im going to destroy Android, because its a stolen product. Im willing to go to thermonuclear war on this. They are scared to death, because they know they are guilty. Tablet I en Tanta revolutionary product Apple Ana producer silence ten Macintosh Is Known as the pad. The pad was another Apple innovation that had uncertainty in market demand before its launch. In 2010, when apple released the pad, an entirely trivial market had emerged into one of the most demanded technological markets. The market is referred to as the tablet market, which was led by the pad. In the first week on the market, the pad sold over 450,000 units. In February 2012, over 55 million nits of pads had been sold. Similar to the PC industry, Apple had an early Jump on competitors, but it was only a matter of time before competitors would catch on. In late 2010, Android based tablets had been introduced to the market to compete with Apples pad. Three main threats to the pad are manufacturers using Googles Android, Amazon using an open Android version, and Microsoft-based tablets. Amazons tablet had been able to grab 14% of the market by quarter 4 in 2011. Competition in the tablet market in 2012, is similar to the cutthroat competition seen in the smartened and PC industries.

Positive Feedback Amplifier Essays

Positive Feedback Amplifier Essays Positive Feedback Amplifier Essay Positive Feedback Amplifier Essay FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER FEED BACK: The process of applying a fraction of output energy of some device back to the input known as feedback. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: The amplifier using feed back process is called feedback amplifier. TYPES OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: There are two types of feedback amplifier: a)Positive feedback amplifier b)Negative feedback amplifier POSITIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >The amplifier in which feedback energy is applied in the same polarity or in same phase is called as positive feedback amplifier. increases the voltage gain of mplifier. his distortion is more. has increased instability. seldom used as an amplifier. Mostly used in oscillator. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >The amplifier in which feedback energy is applied in the opposite polarity or out of phase with input is called negative feedback amplifier. decreases the voltage gain. this distortion is less. is more stable. is mostly used as an amplifier. PRINCIPLE OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >Block diagram of negative feedback amplifier: >A=Voltage gain without feedback. Af=Aoltage gain with feedback. Vi=lnput signal to be amplified. Vo= Output signal of amplifier Vd=Actual input signal to the amplifier. Vf= Feedback signal applied to input side. m=feedback fraction >From block diagram it is clear that, m=VfNo i. e. Vf=mVo Again A=VoNd i. e. i. e. Vo=AVi-AmVo i. e. Vo+AmVo=AVl i. e. Af=l /(! +mA) OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: 1 -Resultant gain is independent of transistor parameters or supply voltage fluctuation. Hence gain is stable. 2-lt reduces non-linear distortion by a factor (1 +mA). 3-lt improves frequency response. 4-lt increases circuit stability. lt increases input impedance decreases output impedance. INPUT IMPEDANCE OUTPUT IMPEDANCE WITH FEEDBACK: >Figure shows the block diagram: >Given that: Zi=input impedance without feedback=Vd/i1 Zif=lnput impedance with feedback†Wil Zo=Output impedance without feedback Zof=output impedance with feedback il †input current >From block diagram it is clear that Now Or VI/ It is clear that input impedance with feedback increases by a factor (1 +mA). Si milarly, it can be derived that output impedance without feedback decreases by a factor 1 +mA). . e. +mA) EMITTER FOLLOWER: *It is a current amplifier that has no voltage gain. * It is a negative current feedback circuit. *It has high input impedance low output impedance. *It is used for impedance matching. *It is also known as common collector amplifier. *Circuit diagram: *Circuit details: It consists of transistor Q, biasing resistor Rl R2, emitter resistor RE, input coupling capacitor Cin, biasing supply +VCC, output coupling capacitor CC. Emitter resistance RE acts as the load a. c. output voltage Vo is taken across RE. Here biasing is provided by voltage divider method. lt has no collector resistance no emitter bypass capacitor. *Operation: ac emitter current produces an output voltage across RE. This voltage opposes the input voltage, thus providing negative feedback. The output voltage Vo is equl to input voltage i. e. output voltage follows the input voltage. Hence the name is voltage follower. CHARACTERISTIC OF EMITTER FOLLOWER: *No voltage gain. Practically close to one. *It has high current gain power gain. *Input output ac voltages are in phase.